AQA A Managing Resources

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AQA A Managing Resources

• Past exam questions.
• For each question (1-25) choose the best or most
  appropriate answers from either A, B or C

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1) Sp. P4 1998 P4 P4F P5H 2002 P2F 2003
What is the meaning of the term renewable
sources of energy

• A) A source of energy that can only be used once.
• B) Fuel supplies like coal oil and gas.
• C) Resources which are naturally replaced after
  use so that they never run out.

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2) P2F 2006 What is a resource

• A) Things that humans can use.
• B) Fuel supplies already discovered that can be
  used in the future.
• C) Recovery of waste products to convert into
  materials that can be used again.

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3) P2F 2005 What is meant by the term
non-renewable

• A) Resources which can be used again and again,
  like water and wind.
• B) Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which are
  finite, and will eventually run out are examples.
  Once they have been used they cant be used
  again.
• C) Fossil fuels made from trees and plants.

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4) P4F 5H 2000 P4F 2002 Name 2 other types
of renewable energy (other than wind)

• A) Solar power and wind power.
• B) Coal and nuclear power.
• C) Hydro electric power (HEP) and solar power.

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5) P4F 2001 Which of the following are
non-renewable

• A) Biomass.
• B) Hydro electric power (HEP)
• C) Natural gas.

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6) Sp. P4 P5 State 2 advantages and 2
disadvantages of using wind to make electricity

• A) The advantages of using wind to make
  electricity are that that it is pollution free
  and the land between the turbines can be used for
  farming. The disadvantages are that no
  electricity is produced if there is no wind, and
  some people think that the wind turbines are ugly
  and spoil the countryside.
• B) Advantages of using wind are that it is cheap
  to produce wind turbines and you get free
  electricity from them. The disadvantages are that
  they can cause some air pollution and can only be
  built in windy areas.
• C) The advantages of using wind to generate
  electricity are that you can build a wind farm
  anywhere, and wind turbines do not release carbon
  dioxide into the atmosphere. The disadvantages
  are that wind power does not produce as much
  energy as fossil fuel fired power stations and
  the turbines can be a hazard to aircraft.

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7) Why are sources of renewable energy being
developed?

• A) Sources of renewable energy are being
  developed because fossil fuels will eventually
  run out.
• B) Sources of renewable energy are being
  developed because traditional non renewable ways
  of producing energy are guilty of polluting the
  environment. Also non renewables are finite,
  meaning that eventually they will run out.
• C) We are developing sources of renewable energy
  because of several reasons. Firstly, because the
  worlds population is increasing, this simply
  means that more people require more energy. Also,
  as countries develop their energy requirements
  rise because they use more labour saving devices
  like dishwashers, computers etc. Furthermore, the
  traditional non renewable methods of producing
  energy are problematic, in that the fossil fuels
  used in energy production are finite and will
  eventually run out. Also, non renewables are
  found to be harmful to the environment because
  they contribute towards global warming, whereas
  renewables will not run out and give off little
  or no pollution.

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8) 1998 P4 P5 explain why there is likely to be
a big increase in the use of energy by the year
2010

• A) Because there will be more people in the world
  so they will need more energy.
• B) There is likely to be a big increase in the
  use of energy by the year 2010 because the
  worlds population will have increased meaning
  that there will be higher energy requirements.
  More people will have things like fridges and
  have to cook food or keep warm, which means more
  energy used. Also, as countries develop they use
  more energy because they are able to afford
  labour saving devices, tools and gadgets which we
  take for granted in the developed world, like
  TVs, computers, cars etc. Energy is required not
  only in running these devices but also in their
  manufacture.
• C) There will be a big energy increase by 2010
  because statistics show that energy use has
  always increased over time and because there will
  be more people, they will use more energy than if
  there were less people. Also, China and India are
  using up lots of energy

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9) P2H P2F 2005 Explain why there is an
increasing demand for resources such as those
found in Antarctica

• A) Because Antarctica has lots of supplies of
  oil, coal and gas which other countries need.
• B) There is an increased demand for the fossil
  fuels which Antarctica is believed to be rich in
  because the worlds known reserves of these
  resources are finite and will eventually run out.
  Society has come to be reliant on these resources
  to help meet their energy needs. Also, there is a
  huge demand for fish which could help to feed the
  growing populations of some countries.
• C) Countries will eventually run out of some
  resources which are unsustainable, like fossil
  fuels. They can get these from Antarctica
  instead.

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10) P4F P5H 2002 Why might energy use increase
as a country develops

• A) As countries become more developed there is a
  greater demand for energy because people get more
  materialistic and buy more products which use
  energy both in their manufacture as well as in
  their use. For example, people will buy labour
  saving devices like cars and dishwashers. These
  both use up energy when they are made and every
  time they are used. Also, as countries develop
  their industries develop and industry is a large
  consumer of energy.
• B) As countries get richer they use more energy
  because everybody gets cars and electrical goods.
  These both use lots of oil and electricity, so
  this is why energy use will increase.
• C) Energy use might increase as a country gets
  more developed because when a country gets richer
  its population increases dramatically. This rise
  in population means that more coal and gas is
  needed to heat their homes. They will also need
  lots more petrol and diesel to fuel all the extra
  cars and lorries that will be on the road.

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11) P2H 2005 What is sustainable development

• A) Sustainable development is development that
  has happened in a sustainable way.
• B) Sustainable development is when economic
  growth and other activities take place without
  destroying the environment which we depend on,
  meaning a good future for the earth.
• C) Sustainable development involves economic
  activity that does not cause environmental damage
  or exhausts natural resources to the extent that
  standards of living for future generations
  decline. An example of this would be sustainable
  forestry.

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12) 1994 P4 Explain how recycling can help reduce
damage to the environment

• A) Recycling old or waste products can help
  reduce damage to the environment by conserving
  the natural resources that are needed to make
  these products. Also, energy can be saved in
  recycling goods rather than make new goods from
  raw materials. An example of this is the
  recycling of old aluminium cans which only uses
  5 of the energy required to make new cans from
  bauxite, its raw material.
• B) Recycling means using alternative materials to
  make products. This saves both energy and natural
  resources. An example of this is the use of
  copper to make pipes for plumbing when lead
  became scarce. We have preserved our lead
  supplies and copper is also cheaper.
• C) Recycling is good for the environment because
  it means that we are conserving valuable
  resources for the future. It also means that if
  we recycle we will use less energy by driving to
  take all our old products to the bottle and paper
  banks, than if we just threw these things in the
  bin and let the council sort the rubbish out for
  us.

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13) P2F 2006 Name 2 materials that can be
recycled

• A) Paper and leather
• B) Glass and plastic
• C) Aluminium and coal

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14) 1999 P4F What is global warming

• A) Global warming is the filling up of the
  earths atmosphere with pollution.
• B) Global warming is the increase in the earths
  overall temperature.
• C) Global warming is the hole in the earths
  atmosphere letting more heat in from the sun.

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15)P2F Explain why it is important to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide being released

• A) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2
  because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is
  responsible for accelerating the natural
  greenhouse effect which is causing global
  warming.
• B) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2
  because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is
  responsible for causing a hole in the earths
  ozone layer which is causing global warming.
• C) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2
  because It is responsible for causing acid rain
  which erodes buildings.

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16)P2F 2007 Explain why the control of pollution
needs to be agreed by many countries if it is to
be successful

• A) Pollution is a worldwide problem and can cross
  the borders of many countries so all countries
  need to work together to control pollution. An
  example of this is acid rain which has been
  caused by coal fired power stations in the UK but
  effects Sweden and Germany because of wind blown
  air pollution.
• B) Pollution control needs to be agreed by many
  countries because the more countries controlling
  pollution the less pollution there is in the
  world.
• C) If more countries agree to control pollution
  it means that global warming will stop and the
  ice caps will not melt. This will be good for us
  because it means that we will not have another
  ice age like in the film The Day After
  Tomorrow.

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17) P5H 2002 Explain how some environments
encourage tourism

• A) Places that have natural or human attractions
  will encourage tourists to visit. Natural
  attractions may include things like good weather,
  nice beaches or beautiful scenery. Examples may
  include places like the Algarve in Portugal or
  the Lake District in England. Human attractions
  may include things like ancient monuments or
  theme parks. Examples of these would be Rome in
  Italy or Disneyworld In Florida.
• B) Some environments encourage tourism because
  they are full of things to see and do. In some
  places there are loads of activities, which is
  great because that means you will never get bored
  and always have something to do. These places are
  different to those at home which makes them good
  for tourists.
• C) Places that have lots of things people can do,
  and where you can get different food help to
  encourage tourism.

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18)1999 P5 Using 1 or more examples describe and
explain how tourism in LEDCs and MEDCs can be
encouraged without harming the environment

• A) Tourism can be encouraged in both LEDCs and
  MEDCs as long as it is sustainable tourism. An
  example of this is ecotourism in the Galapagos
  islands.
• B) Ecotourism or sustainable tourism should meet
  the needs of local people without damaging the
  environment in which tourists want to see or do
  things. This type of tourism is practiced in both
  LEDCs and MEDCs. .An example in a MEDC is the
  Kuranda Skyrail in Queensland Australia. Here a
  cable car has been built above the rainforest and
  this allows people to experience the rainforest
  environment without damaging it. It was built
  without destroying any of the rainforest and
  gives guide jobs to native Aborigine people.
  Another example of ecotourism occurs in the
  Galapagos islands in the Pacific Ocean. Here
  there is unique plant and animal life which
  people want to see. Tourists have to follow
  strict rules to ensure that this fragile
  environment is not destroyed. They have to stick
  to paths, not take any plants, shells etc and
  stay with a guide at all times. They also have to
  pay a fee which is used for conservation.
• C) Places like Benidorm in Spain and Blackpool in
  the UK, have encouraged tourism that does not
  harm the environment. This type of tourism is
  called sustainable tourism. In Benidorm they have
  built loads of modern hotels which look really
  good and they import loads of English food to
  keep the tourists from Britain happy. In
  Blackpool they have built showers on the beach to
  wash the sand of peoples feet so that the beach
  is not eroded and the tourists will keep coming
  back because they have a lovely beach to use.

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19) P2H P2F 2005 For an area of the UK that you
have studied, explain why the tourist industry
has developed there

• A) Benidorm developed as a tourist resort in the
  late 1950s because it had a great climate warm
  with plenty of sun all year round. It also has
  great beaches with a clear blue sea. Holiday
  companies provided cheap package tours and people
  had more time off work with pay so they could go.
• B) The Peak District National Park has a thriving
  tourist industry with people visiting from all
  over the UK and abroad. They love the rugged
  coastline with its high cliffs and the fresh air
  that it provides. People can climb Scafell Pike
  the highest mountain in England and generally
  enjoy the beauty of the scenery. Since it is so
  close to the densely populated conurbations of
  Tyneside and Clydeside it has lots of potential
  visitors within a short car journey away. There
  are also lots of other things to do here like
  visiting the human attractions at Shugborough
  Hall. Furthermore, because there is lots of free
  parking everywhere it is attractive to motorists,
  who make up the largest group of tourists.
• C) The Peak District National Park in the north
  of England has developed as a tourist area. It
  has developed considerably for tourism since
  being designated as a National Park in 1948. It
  is an area of scenic beauty and wild unspoilt
  landscapes which people like to see and enjoy.
  People can walk, cycle and climb as well as doing
  lots of other outdoor pursuits. Also, in the Peak
  District there are several honeypot sites which
  attract people. Examples include Castleton and
  Bakewell which have many attractions like cafes,
  pubs and souvenir shops for tourists. Being near
  to several large conurbations means that the Park
  is accessible to many potential tourists.

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20) P2F 2002 Suggest 2 environmental problems
caused by tourism

• A) Tourism causes problems like forcing local
  people off their land to build hotels like in
  Benidorm in Spain. Another problem is that jobs
  in tourism are often seasonal, meaning people
  cant earn money all year round like in Blackpool
  in England.
• B) Tourism can cause problems like pollution and
  erosion. In the Peak District in England
  pollution levels are sometimes high because of
  all the exhaust fumes from visitors cars. In
  Amboseli National Park in Kenya the large numbers
  of tourist safari buses can erode the unpaved
  roads.
• C) Tourism causes lots of environmental problems.
  One of these is the disturbance to endangered
  species in national parks like Amboseli in Kenya.
  It is possible that tourists get too close and
  scare the animals away and therefore interfere
  with their breeding. Another example is that
  tourists can offend the culture and traditions of
  local people. Women from Europe, who sunbath
  topless can offend some in Muslim countries like
  Egypt.

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21) P2F 2003 Using examples of places you have
studied, describe the advantages of tourism

• A) Tourism is good for places because it brings
  in money and it gives people jobs, as well as
  often helping to improve the infrastructure of a
  place. It also helps to preserve local customs
  and traditions. An example of this is in Kenya
  where local people are employed to work as tour
  guides or in hotels in the coastal resort of
  Mombasa. As Kenya is a LEDC it can earn much
  needed foreign exchange from tourists coming from
  MEDCs. In Benidorm, Spain, the beach has been
  cleaned up and improvements have been made to the
  sewage system which benefits locals as well as
  tourists. Futhermore, tourism is helping the
  Masai people in Kenya. Traditions are being
  preserved by putting on shows for tourists and
  showing them what life is like in their villages.
  
• B) Tourism brings lots of advantages as well as
  disadvantages to places. One of these is the
  disturbance to endangered species in Kenyan
  national parks like Amboseli. Sometimes tourists
  can get too close and scare the animals away
  which may affect their breeding. Another example
  is when tourism can affect the local culture. An
  example of this is women from Europe topless
  sunbathing and offending some people in Muslim
  countries like Egypt. Advantages include making
  money from tourists and creating employment like
  working as a waiter or a maid in a hotel.
• C) Tourism brings lots of advantages to places.
  People get to see people from other countries and
  experience different cultures. Wealth is created
  by tourists spending their cash while they are on
  holiday. People are employed in tourist related
  jobs like hotel workers and lifeguards. Another
  advantage is that local people can benefit from
  improvements in infrastructure which have been
  done for tourists.

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22) Sp P4 With reference to a LEDC area you have
studied in the world, what attractions does this
area have for European holiday makers.

• A) Kenya has several attractions for European
  tourists such as fantastic, fine, white sandy
  beaches for relaxing on, as well as the warm
  clear Indian Ocean for swimming in. It also has a
  coral reef for snorkelling and scuba diving.
  Furthermore, there are many national parks where
  people can see wildlife that you only get in zoos
  in Europe, like elephants and lions.
• B) Benidorm in Spain, is great for European
  tourists because it has lots of attractions like
  a clean beach for relaxing on and clear blue sea
  for swimming in. It also has lots of new, modern
  hotels which are very luxurious. Also, Benidorm
  has good nightlife with plenty of pubs,
  restaurants and discos which Europeans like.
  Furthermore, people speak English and you can get
  English food and drink almost anywhere.
• C) The Galapagos islands in the Pacific Ocean has
  lots of attractions for European visitors. There
  are loads of rare wildlife which people can see.

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23)P2H 2004 Describe the advantages and the
disadvantages of tourism to the economies of LEDCs

• A) Tourism brings both advantages and
  disadvantages to the economies of LEDCs. Economic
  advantages include the jobs created for local
  people working in tourist developments like
  hotels and airports. Also the local economy
  benefits by tourists spending money on souvenirs
  and locally produced foods. Disadvantages are
  that sometimes the environment is destroyed for
  the building of hotels and airports for tourists.
  
• B) Tourism brings both advantages and
  disadvantages to the economies of LEDCs. Economic
  advantages include the jobs created for local
  people working in tourist developments like
  hotels and airports. Also the local economy
  benefits by tourists spending money on souvenirs
  and locally produced foods. Disadvantages include
  the fact that a lot of jobs can be unskilled and
  low paid and seasonal.
• C) Tourism brings both advantages and
  disadvantages to the economies of LEDCs.
  Advantages are that local cultures and traditions
  are preserved. The environment is preserved for
  tourists and locals to enjoy. Also, tourism earns
  the country money through foreign exchange.
  Disadvantages are that sometimes the environment
  is destroyed for the building of hotels and
  airports for tourists. Also, tourists can look
  down on local people and treat them badly.
  Finally, tourists can be fickle and when places
  go out of fashion they can lose money.

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24)P2F and P2H 2007 Explain how MEDCs gain from
the development of tourism in an LEDC

• A) MEDCs gain from tourism because they earn a
  lot of money from people visiting LEDCs. Lots of
  jobs are created as well which keeps people off
  the dole. We also benefit by meeting tourists
  from LEDCs because there is cultural exchange.
• B) MEDCs gain from the development of tourism in
  LEDCs in several ways. Firstly, lots of the large
  hotel chains like Hyatt have hotels in LEDCs like
  Kenya. A lot of the money they make through
  tourists goes back to the country where the
  company is from, which is usually a MEDC, and so
  a lot of money leaks out of the LEDC. Also most
  of the top jobs in these hotels are taken by well
  educated company staff, which are usually from
  MEDC countries, rather than local people.
  Furthermore, when wealthy tourists stay in these
  hotels they demand food and drink brands which
  they are familiar with, e.g. .Heineken beer. So
  the hotel has to import this from MEDCs and so
  money does not always trickle down to benefit the
  local economy. Instead, the MEDC companies gain
  from exporting their products to the LEDC.
  Finally, the airlines that transport the tourists
  from the MEDCs to the LEDCs are mostly MEDC
  owned, so a lot of the profit goes back to the
  MEDC.
• C) MEDC gain from the development of tourism in
  many ways. Large hotel chains get the tourists
  money. Jobs in these hotels tend to go to MEDC
  employees. MEDC companies benefit by exporting
  tourist products like food and drink. MEDC owned
  airlines transport passengers to LEDC holiday
  destinations. MEDC citizens get to see different
  places and cultures. They can also spend money on
  gifts and souvenirs which benefits the local
  community. So all in all there are lots of gains
  for MEDCs.

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25) P4 1998 P2H 2006 What is green tourism

• A) Green tourism involves tourists who
  deliberately travel short distances to reduce
  their environmental impact
• B) Green tourism is when tourists prefer to go to
  countryside areas like forests and mountains or
  lakes and national parks. Places where there is a
  lot of greenery.
• C) Green tourism is tourism in which the
  protection of the environment and the way of life
  of local people is considered important enough to
  take action to protect them. It is the same as
  eco-tourism

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Managing resources answers

• Answers
• 1) C 6) A 11) C
  16) A 21) A
• 2) A 7) C 12) A
  17) A 22) A
• 3) B 8) B 13) B
  18) B 23) C
• 4) C 9) B 14) B
  19) C 24) B
• 5) C 10) A 15) A
  20) B 25) C