Building Cooling Heating

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Building Cooling Heating Power
Onsite Generation, Distributed Generation,
IES/CHP/CCHP

• Presented By Nitin Pathakji
• Broad USA Inc.

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BCHP Unbeatable Efficiency
Taking 30 Efficient Generators to 70 Efficient
BCHP Systems Reducing Building Fossil Energy
Requirements by 50
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Thermally-Activated HVAC Technologies are Key to
Improving Overall Efficiency of DG
Thermally-Activated HVAC Technologies
Distributed Generation Technologies
800ºF
600ºF
Double-Effect Absorption Water-Cooled Chiller
360ºF
Commercial Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
180ºF
Recoverable Energy Quality (Temperature) and HVAC
Technology Match
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CO-GEN CONCEPT
USEFUL ENERGY 74.2
INPUT 100
ELECTRICAL OUTPUT 29.7
LOSSES 25.8
OTHER LOSSES 4.8
EXHAUST LOSSES 21
THERMAL OUTPUT 44.5
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Generator Choices Issues
Design Principle A Generator is a 70
Efficient Boiler with Free Electricity
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Industrial Turbine Exhaust Fired Absorption
System Schematic
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Two Stage Hi-Temp Exhaust Fired
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2-Stage Exhaust Fired Absorber

• Exhaust from the Gas turbine is taken directly in
  to the Absorber eliminates HRSG and increases
  capacity.
• Concept combines the criteria for HRSG design and
  LiBr technology.
• Major portion of the absorber is standard
  commercial product design.
• Design, development and construction focused on
  High Stage Generator and controls.
• Primary control of Chiller is leaving Chilled
  water temperature.
• Exhaust flow to the machine is controlled by
  damper or fan.
• Safety Shut down incorporates an inlet damper.
• All other machine safeties and control remain
  same as standard machine.

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Two Stage Exhaust Fired CT Based CHP PID
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Gas Fired Simple Cycle CT BCHP
Waste heat fired absorbers are used to displace
electric chiller load. Typically for multi-MW
gas fired simple cycle turbines tonnage per MW
of exhaust varies from 550 to 700 tons per MW.
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DOE/ORNLBCHP Program

• Burns and McDonnell (Kansas City) teamed with
• Solar Turbines Inc (San Diego turbine
  generator).
• Broad USA (New Jersey absorption chiller).
• Design and construct a 5.2 MW CHP system.
• Electricity from a Taurus 5,200 kW turbine
  generator.
• Up to 2,500 refrigeration tons (RT) of free waste
  heat driven absorption cooling.
• Up to 17,000 RT of additional supplemental
  gas-fired cooling.

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DOE/ORNLBCHP Program

• Honeywell Laboratories (Minneapolis)
• Developing and field testing a large CHP packaged
  system.
• A 5 MW turbine generator will be combined with a
  1,000 RT absorption chiller.
• The prototype will be tested at Fort Bragg, N.C.

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DOE/ORNL BCHP Program
The absorber is fired with exhaust when the CT is
operational and with natural gas or oil if the CT
is off. Applications include peaker plants.
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Chiller Performance
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Turbine Inlet Air Cooling
Industrial Turbine 83.5 MW _at_ Ambient 95 0F
Evaporative Cooling 3.7 MW With Inlet Air _at_
50 0F Electric Centrifugal 8.9
MW Absorption 11.4 - 11.6 MW
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Integration Schematic of a Microturbine and LiBr
Absorption Chiller
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Single Stage Exhaust Fired Absorber

• Exhaust from the microturbine is taken directly
  in to the Absorber eliminates hot water HEX and
  increases capacity.
• Concept combines exhaust recovery and single
  stage LiBr technology.
• Major portion of the absorber is standard
  commercial product design.
• Design and development focused on Generator and
  controls.
• Chiller is designed for specific turbine inlet
  air temp (using TIAC).
• Primary control of Chiller is leaving Chilled
  water temperature.
• Exhaust flow to the machine is controlled by
  inverter on damper.
• Safety Shut down incorporates an on/off inlet
  damper.
• All other machine safeties and control remain
  same as standard machine.

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Single Stage Lo-Temp Exhaust Fired
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SS Exhaust Fired Absorber
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Single Stage Exhaust Fired MT Based CHP Layout
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Single Stage Exhaust Fired MT Based CHP PID
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BCHP Test Case Profile

• University of Maryland
• DOE/ORNL
• Microturbine/Absorber/Desiccant

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UMD BCHP System 2Single Stage Lo-Temp Exhaust
Fired

• Turbine efficiency 25.6 , with chiller 63.5 ,
  and with desiccant 79.2
• Single effect absorption chiller with COP of 0.7

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Equipment
Desiccant on roof
Single Skid
Absorber
Microturbine
Cooling Tower
Exhaust Fan
Pumps, Filter, etc.
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Absorption Chiller Data
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Comparative Effects
30 Reduction Not including input from
Microturbine
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Natural Gas/Exhaust Co-Fired w/HEX
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Installed IES with 60 kW Microturbine and 300 RT
Co-fired Double Effect Absorption Chiller
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Co-fired Burner Exhaust, FRG (return exhaust for
LoNOx) and Fresh Air Intake
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IC Engine BCHP
30 Electrical Output, 44 Thermal (jacket
exhaust) HR, 21 Exhaust, 5 Other
Two Stage Steam Absorber Requires HRSG and high
pressure steam system. High efficiency but
expensive.
Single Stage HW Absorber Simple Cost Effective
Hot water fired single stage chiller w/ COP .5
to .7 Dump radiator included Cooling tower
required Boiler for back-up
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Reciprocating Engine with Jacket Water and
Exhaust Recovery and Single-Effect Absorption
Chiller

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Single Stage HW Fired ICE Based CHP PID
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Fuel Cell Characteristics
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Fuel Cell BCHP
New technology High electrical efficiency Environm
entally friendly Low heat recovery
potential Large footprint High cost
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IES
Exhaust Fired or Hot Water Fired Sites 20 Ton
SS Exhaust Fired w/ Microturbine 25 Ton 2S
Exhaust Fired w/ Microturbine 330 Ton 2S
Co-Fired w/ Microturbine 2,000 Ton 2S Exhaust
Fired w/ Simple Cycle Gas Turbine 130 Ton SS Hot
Water Fired w/ 375 kW IC Engine BCHP Package
Total Components