Strategy and Policy 8802A

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Strategy and Policy(8802A)

• Lesson 5
• Total Force

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Requirement 1

• Objective 1 Explain the concept and background
  of the Total Force Policy.
• Objective 2 Describe the concept of readiness
  and mobilization in the post-Cold War era.

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The Total Force Policy

• Concept and Background
• In 1970 an increased reliance on National Guard
  and Reserve forces was a prerequisite to a
  cost-effective force structure.
• In 1973 the Total Force concept was adopted
  across the Defense Department to help ensure a
  more capable force structure for a smaller
  defense budget.
• In the 1980s the Total Force Policy led to a
  significant modernization program of the Reserve
  Components.

OBJECTIVE 1
4
Readiness and Mobilization

• Mobilization is the preparation for war or other
  emergencies, encompassing two processes
• Military Mobilization process
• National Mobilization process

OBJECTIVE 2
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Readiness and Mobilization

• Military Mobilization Process
• A process by which the nations Armed Forces are
  brought to an increased state of readiness.
• The National Mobilization Process
• mobilizing the national economy to meet
  non-defense needs and sustain the Armed Forces in
  war or military operations other than war.

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Readiness and Mobilization

• Mobilization
• a function of the joint command and control
  process,
• which together with the Department of Defense
  (DOD) Total Force Policy
• provides the basis for joint military
  mobilization planning and execution.

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Graduated response

• Graduated response
• the process by which the United States responds
  to early ambiguous or explicit warning of an
  emerging national security emergency.

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Readiness and Mobilization

• The GR concept comprises three stages of
  mobilization preparedness activity
• Stage IIIPlanning and Preparation
• Stage IICrisis Management
• Stage INational Emergency or War

OBJECTIVE 2
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Readiness and Mobilization

• Mobilization/Demobilization
• The mobilization function includes activation of
  the RC and surging and expanding the industrial
  base.
• Demobilization the process of transitioning a
  crisis or wartime military establishment and
  defense-based national economy to a peacetime
  configuration while maintaining national security
  and economic vitality.

OBJECTIVE 2
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Readiness and Mobilization

• Mobilization Staff Officer (MSO) Tasks
• Understand the procedural and statutory
  requirements
• Review and update projected RC requirements
• Coordinate reporting requirements
• Review SecDef, CJCS, and Service Secretaries
  guidance for RC callup
• Review lessons learned and remedial action
  programs
• Determine sources of immediate manpower
  augmentation

OBJECTIVE 2
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Mobilization Levels
OBJECTIVE 2
12
Callup Decision Package
OBJECTIVE 2
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Requirement 2

• Objective 3 Discuss the increasing roles and
  missions of the reserve components in the
  post-Cold War era.

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The Reserve Component in the Cold War Era

• Roles and Missions
• In 1974, Army Chief of Staff General Abrams
  restructured the army in such a way to create a
  greater reliance on the Reserves in order to
  ensure the army would not go to war in the future
  without the reserves.
• Many combat support and combat service support
  missions previously assigned to the active
  components were transferred to the reserve
  component to allow the active components to
  concentrate a greater percentage of active forces
  on combat roles and missions.

OBJECTIVE 3
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The Reserve Component in the Post-Cold War Era

• During the 1990s
• the earlier reluctance to rely upon Reservists
  evolved into a policy of over reliance.
• War plans
• still based on a Cold War strategy with a heavy
  reliance on reserves for combat support and
  combat service support functions.
• involving the use of Reserves did not kept pace
  with the new concepts of operations other than
  war.

OBJECTIVE 3
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The Reserve Component in the Post-Cold War Era

• The Global War on Terrorism
• caused the DoD to begin addressing the need for a
  restructuring of the AC/RC mix.

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Requirement 3

• Objective 4 Describe the mission and
  composition of the Marine Corps Reserve

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Marine Corps Reserve

• Established Aug. 29, 1916
• Responsible for
• providing trained units and qualified individuals
  to be mobilized for active duty in time of war,
  national emergency or contingency operations and
• providing personnel and operational tempo relief
  for active component forces in peacetime.
• The MPLAN, dated 7 November 1997, provides
  detailed guidance and procedures for mobilizing
  or recalling members of the Reserve.

OBJECTIVE 4
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Marine Corps Reserve

• MARFORRES
• MACE

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Marine Corps Reserve
OBJECTIVE 4
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Marine Corps Reserve

• MARFORRES
• IRR
• SMCR
• IRR
• Ready Reserve
• Retired Reserve

OBJECTIVE 4
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Marine Corps Reserve

• MACE
• organized to support the MEF CE
• provides
• additional personnel to all staff sections
• additional liaison officers
• conducts command and control in rear area
  operations

OBJECTIVE 4
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Total Force

• Summary
• Concept and Background of the Total Force Policy
• Readiness and Mobilization
• Roles and Missions of the Reserve Component in
  the Post-Cold War Era
• Marine Corps Reserve

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Total Force

• Points to remember
• Graduated response
• Use of the reserves
• The MACE