Insect Control

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Chapter 13

• Insect Control

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Insect Control IsMore Important On

• Nursery/Ornamental Crops
• Fruit Crops
• Vegetable Crops
• Why?
• Consumers do not want to purchase bug-eaten
  plants or food products

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Insect Prevention

• Weed control (inside outside greenhouse)
• Weeds and grass harbor insects
• Clean surrounding will help prevent reinfestation
  through ventilation system
• Prevent greenhouse entry
• on purchased seedlings/cuttings
• through ventilation system
• Early detection through visual surveillance
• Preventative spray program

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Keys to Insect Control

• Be able to ID the top 10 pests
• Know the available insecticides- many are general
  in nature, but several are somewhat specific
• Use a surfactant
• Spray on upper and lower leaf surfaces
• Know insect reproductive cycle
• eggs are difficult to kill

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Aphids

• Colors dark brown, green, beige, yellow,
  reddish
• Sucking type insect
• Found on underside of leaves and on growing tips
• Causes distorted leaves chlorotic spots on
  older leaves
• Excretes honeydew which allows a black mold to
  grow
• Ants sometimes culture aphids

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Aphids
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Fungus Gnats

• Thin, gray colored flies (gnats)
• Damage caused by larva
• Usually feed on fungi and decaying organic matter
• Not a severe problem on most plants

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FungusGnats
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Leaf Miners

• Adult is a 1/12 in. fly
• deposits eggs inside leaf blade
• a 1/10 in. larva (maggot or worm) tunnels inside
  leaf

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Leaf Miners
Fig. 13-3
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Mealybug

• 1/5 to 1/3 in. long
• Cottony appearance due to waxy filaments
• Sucking mouth parts
• Secretes honeydew
• Use surfactant to help penetrate the waxy surface

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Mealybug
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Mites

• Are not true insects
• Belong to spider family
• Extremely small
• Not seen without hand lens
• Sucking mouthparts
• Causes distortion of young leaves and chlorotic
  stippling
• Use miticide to control

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Mites
Fig. 13-6
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Scale Insects

• Up to 1/4 in. (most are smaller)
• Have rubbery or waxy shell
• Sucking mouthparts
• Adults are immobile
• Difficult to control
• Smother with Ag oil

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Scale Insects
Fig. 13-7
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Slugs Snails

• Chewing mouthparts
• Feed at night
• Baits containing Sevin are often used
• Slugs prefer regular beer (not a Lite beer)

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Slugs Snails
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Thrips

• 1/25 in. long
• Adult inserts eggs into leaf
• Nymph scrapes-off surface of leaf and eats sap
• Causes discolored streaks rather than stippling

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Thrips
Fig. 13-9
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Whiteflies

• 1/16 in. long
• White waxy powder on body
• Feeds on bottom of leaves
• They like yellow objects
• Sucking mouthparts
• Causes chlorotic stippling
• Insecticide resistant

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Whiteflies
Fig. 13-10
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Worms

• Ex armyworms, cutworms, inchworms, caterpillars,
  etc.
• Chewing mouthparts
• Control stomach poisons, BT

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Worms
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Methods ofPesticide Application

• Sprays, dusts, mists - leave residues to
  continue working
• Aerosols, fogs, smokes - No residues to
  continue working, and presents some applicator
  hazard
• Granular - will leave residue or is systemic

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Sprays Are Most Common

• Formulations
• EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate)
• WP (Wetable Powder)

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Types of Insecticides

• Stomach poison
• Controls insects with chewing mouthparts
• Example Sevin
• Contact insecticide
• Controls insects with chewing or sucking
  mouthparts
• Example diazanon, malathion, dursban, lorsban
• Systemic insecticide
• Controls insects with chewing or sucking
  mouthparts
• Example orthene