U.S. History Top 100

1
U.S. History Top 100

• What every student should know to pass the U.S.
  History EOC
• Goals 7-12

2
Goal 7 The Progressive Movement (1890-1914)

• The learner will analyze the economic, political,
  and social reforms of the Progressive Period.

3
Causes of Progressivism

• Ineffectiveness of government
• Poor working conditions
• Emergence of Social Gospel
• Unequal distribution of wealth
• Immigration
• Urban poor
• Corruption

4
Progressive Party Platform

• The platform called for women's suffrage, recall
  of judicial decisions, easier amendment of the
  U.S. Constitution, social welfare legislation for
  women and children, workers' compensation,
  limited injunctions in strikes, farm relief,
  revision of banking to assure an elastic
  currency.

5
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, 1911

• A fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company
  killed 146 people, mostly women. The doors were
  locked and the windows were too high for them to
  get to the ground. Highlighted the poor working
  conditions and led to federal regulations to
  protect workers.

6
Muckrakers

• Journalists who searched for and publicized real
  or alleged acts of corruption of public
  officials, businessmen.

7
Robert LaFollette

• Political leader who believed in libertarian
  reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive
  movement from Wisconsin.
• Recall, initiative, referendum

8
Federal Reserve Act, 1913

• Regulated banking to help small banks stay in
  business. A move away from laissez-faire
  policies, it was passed by Wilson.

9
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1886

• The Supreme Court ruled against Plessy, saying
  that segregated facilities for whites and blacks
  were legal as long as the facilities were of
  equal quality.

10
Disenfranchisement

• The Mississippi supreme court ruled that poll
  taxes and literacy tests, which took away blacks'
  right to vote (a practice known as
  "disenfranchisement"), were legal.

11
Booker T. Washington

• Washington believed that African Americans had to
  achieve economic independence before civil
  rights. In 1881, he founded the first formal
  school for blacks, the Tuskegee Institute.

12
W.E.B. DuBois

• DuBois believed that black Americans had to
  demand their social and civil rights or else
  become permanent victims of racism. Helped found
  the NAACP. He disagreed with Booker T.
  Washington's theories.

13
New Marketing Techniques

• Advertising
• Mail order catalogs
• Consumerism

14
Goal 8 The Great War and Its Aftermath
(1914-1930)

• The learner will analyze United States
  involvement in World War I and the wars
  influence on international affairs during the
  1920s.

15
U.S. - Neutrality to Involvement

• May 1915 U-boats sink the Lusitania
• Sept. 1915 Germany promises not to sink unarmed
  ships
• March 1916 Germany sinks the Sussex
• May 1916 Germany promises not to sink unarmed
  ships
• Jan. 1917 Zimmerman note is intercepted
• Feb. 1917 Germany resumes unrestricted
  submarine warfare
• April 1917 U.S. declares war on Germany

16
Russian Revolution, 1917

• Instituted a Communist government lead by the
  Bolshevik party under Lenin. Lenin pulled Russia
  out of WWI.

17
Fourteen Points, 1918

• Wilson's idea that he wanted included in the WWI
  peace treaty, including freedom of the seas and
  the League of Nations.

18
League of Nations, 1919

• Devised by President Wilson, it comprised of
  delegates from many countries, the U.S. did not
  join. It was designed to be run by a council of
  the five largest countries. It also included a
  provision for a world court.

19
Eugene V. Debs

• Debs repeatedly ran for president as a socialist,
  he was imprisoned after he gave a speech
  protesting WWI in violation of the Sedition Act.

20
Schenck v. U.S., 1919

• United States Supreme Court decision concerning
  the question of whether the defendant possessed a
  First Amendment right to free speech against the
  draft during World War I. During wartime,
  utterances tolerable in peacetime can be
  punished.

21
Sacco and Vanzetti

• Sacco and Vanzetti were Italian immigrants
  charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe
  factory.
• Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many
  believed they had been framed for the crime
  because of their anarchist and pro-union
  activities.

22
Goal 9 Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939)

• The learner will appraise the economic, social,
  and political changes of the decades of The
  Twenties and The Thirties.

23
Assembly Line

• Arrangement of equipment and workers in which
  work passes from operation to operation in a
  direct line until the product is assembled.

24
Impact of Mass Media

• Radio
• Marketing
• Advertising
• Jazz
• Silent talkie films
• The Jazz Singer
• Fireside Chats

25
Lost Generation

• Writer Gertrude Stein told Hemingway, "You are
  all a lost generation," referring to the many
  restless young writers who gathered in Paris
  after WW I. They thought the U.S. was
  materialistic and they criticized conformity.

26
Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes

• Hughes was a gifted writer who wrote humorous
  poems, stories, essays and poetry. Harlem was a
  center for black writers, musicians, and
  intellectuals.

27
Flappers, 1920s

• Women started wearing short skirts and bobbed
  hair, and had more sexual freedom. They began to
  abandon traditional female roles and take jobs
  usually reserved for men.

28
Fundamentalism

• Movement or attitude stressing strict and literal
  adherence to a set of basic principles.

29
Scopes Trial, 1925

• Prosecution of school teacher, John Scopes, for
  violation of a Tennessee law forbidding public
  schools from teaching about evolution. Scopes was
  convicted and fined 100, but the trial started a
  shift of public opinion away from Fundamentalism.

30
Stock Market Crash, 1929

• On October 24, 1929, panic selling occurred as
  investors realized the stock boom had been an
  over inflated bubble. Margin investors were being
  decimated as every stock holder tried to
  liquidate. Millionaire margin investors became
  bankrupt instantly, as the stock market crashed
  on October 28 and 29.

31
Dust Bowl, 1930s

• A series of catastrophic dust storms caused major
  ecological and agricultural damage to American
  prairie lands in the 1930s, caused by decades of
  inappropriate farming techniques.

32
Bonus Army, 1932

• Facing the financial crisis of the Depression, WW
  I veterans asked Congress to pay their retirement
  bonuses early. Congress considered a bill, but it
  was not approved. Angry veterans marched on
  Washington, D.C., and Hoover called in the army.

33
Bank Failures

• During the first 10 months of 1930, 744 banks
  failed. In all, 9,000 banks failed during the
  decade of the 1930s. By 1933, depositors saw 140
  billion disappear through bank failures.

34
Causes of Great Depression

• Much debt, stock prices spiraling up,
  over-production and under-consuming, the stock
  market crashed. Germany's default on reparations
  caused European bank failures, which spread to
  the U.S.

35
New Deal Agencies

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• Public Works Administration (PWA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

36
Long Term Effects of New Deal Programs

• Expansion of the role of federal government
• Government responsibility for the welfare of its
  citizens
• Expanding government role in the economy
• Deficit spending

37
Goal 10 World War II and the Beginning of the
Cold War (1930s-1963)

• The learner will analyze United States
  involvement in World War II and the wars
  influence on international affairs in following
  decades.

38
Lend-lease Act, 1941

• Authorized the president to transfer, lend, or
  lease any article of defense equipment to any
  government whose defense was deemed vital to the
  defense of the U.S. Allowed the U.S. to send
  supplies and ammunition to the Allies.

39
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

• Surprise attack by Japanese on U.S. Pacific Fleet
  harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The U.S.
  declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World
  War II.

40
D-Day, June 6, 1944

• Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the
  largest invasion force in history) stormed the
  beaches at Normandy and began the process of
  re-taking France. The turning point of World War
  II.

41
War Posters

• The radio, print, and film industries reminded
  Americans that they were in a struggle between
  dictatorship and democracy.

42
Rosie the Riveter

• Women found jobs, especially in heavy industry,
  that fell outside the traditional realm of
  womens work.

43
Korematsu v. U.S., 1944

• Upheld the U.S. government's decision to put
  Japanese-Americans in internment camps during
  World War II.

44
G.I. Bill, 1944

• Servicemen's Readjustment Act, also called the
  G.I. Bill of Rights. Granted 13 billion in aid
  for former servicemen, ranging from educational
  grants to housing and other services to assist
  with the readjustment to society.

45
Marshall Plan, 1947

• Introduced by Secretary of State George G.
  Marshall, he proposed massive economic aid to
  Europe to revitalize the European economies after
  WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.

46
Korean War, 1950

• On June 25, 1950, the Communist North invaded the
  Democratic South. The United Nations created an
  international army, lead by the U.S. to fight for
  the South and China joined the war on the side of
  North Korea. This was the first time the United
  Nations had intervened militarily.

47
Post-war Organizations

• United Nations, 1945 - Founded after WWII by
  victorious Allied Powers to intervene in
  conflicts between nations and avoid war.
• NATO, 1949 - The member nations agreed to fight
  for each other if attacked. It is an
  international military force.
• SEATO, 1954 - Alliance of non-Communist Asian
  nations modeled after NATO. Unlike NATO, it
  didn't establish a military force.

48
Containment, George F. Keenan

• A member of the State Department, he felt that
  the best way to keep Communism out of Europe was
  to confront the Russians wherever they tried to
  spread their power.

49
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

• After discovering the Russians were building
  nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba, the U.S.
  announced a quarantine of Cuba. After six days of
  confrontation that almost led to nuclear war,
  Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the launch sites.

50
Goal 11 Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil
(1945-1980)

• The learner will trace economic, political, and
  social developments and assess their significance
  for the lives of Americans during this time
  period.

51
McCarthyism, 1950-1953

• Senator who began sensational campaign by
  asserting that the U.S. State Department had been
  infiltrated by Communists. He accused the Army of
  covering up foreign espionage. The Army-McCarthy
  Hearings made McCarthy look so foolish that
  further investigations were halted.

52
Domino Theory, 1957

• It stated that if one country fell to Communism,
  it would undermine another and that one would
  fall, producing a domino effect.

53
Sputnik, 1957

• The first artificial satellite sent into space,
  launched by the Soviets.

54
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

• The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson,
  declared that racially segregated facilities are
  inherently unequal and ordered all public schools
  desegregated.

55
Détente

• Nixons relaxed approach to the Cold war. He
  wanted to end Vietnam and open Russia and China
  for Trade

56
Martin Luther King, Jr.

• The leader of the Civil Rights Movement and
  President of the Southern Christian Leadership
  Conference, promoted non-violent protest.

57
Malcolm X

• Malcolm X expressed the feelings of many African
  American activists who had grown impatient with
  Kings nonviolent methods. Malcolm X preached a
  message of self-reliance and self-determination.

58
Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan, 1963

• Depicted how difficult a woman's life is because
  she doesn't think about herself, only her family.
  It said that middle-class society stifled women
  and didn't let them use their talents. Attacked
  the "cult of domesticity." NOW ERA failed

59
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964

• After a U.S. Navy ship reportedly was fired on,
  Congress passed this resolution which gave the
  president power to send troops to Vietnam to
  protect against further North Vietnamese
  aggression.

60
My Lai Incident, 1968

• An American unit destroyed the village of My Lai,
  killing many women and children. The incident was
  not revealed to the public until 20 months later.

61
War Powers Act, 1973

• Gave any president the power to go to war under
  certain circumstances, but required that he could
  only do so for 90 days before being required to
  officially bring the matter before Congress.

62
Détente

• A lessening of tensions between U.S. and Soviet
  Union and China. Besides disarming missiles to
  insure a lasting peace between superpowers, Nixon
  pressed for trade relations and a limited
  military budget.

63
Watergate Scandal, 1972-1974

• In 1972, five men were arrested for breaking into
  the Democratic National Committee's executive
  quarters in the Watergate Hotel. Nixon admitted
  to complicity in the burglary. In 1974, as
  Nixon's impeachment began, he resigned.

64
Cesar Chavez

• Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers
  from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California
  and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and
  vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American
  farm workers.

65
Goal 12 The United States since the Vietnam War
(1973-present)

• The learner will identify and analyze trends in
  domestic and foreign affairs of the United States
  during this time period.

66
Camp David Accords, 1978

• Peace talks between Egypt and Israel mediated by
  President Carter.

67
Title IX, 1972

• "No person in the United States shall, on the
  basis of sex, be excluded from participation in,
  be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
  discrimination under any education program or
  activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

68
Affirmative Action

• Policy that gives special consideration to women
  and minorities to make up for past discrimination.

69
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke,
1978

• Barred colleges from admitting students solely on
  the basis of race, but allowed them to include
  race along with other considerations when
  deciding which students to admit.
• Reverse discrimination

70
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1992

• The North American Free Trade Area is the trade
  bloc created by the North American Free Trade
  Agreement (NAFTA), whose members are Canada,
  Mexico and the United States.

71
Election of 2000

• In the presidential election of 2000 Republican
  George W. Bush was elected over Democrat Al Gore
  in one of the closest and most controversial
  presidential elections in the history of the
  United States.

72
September 11, 2001

• The September 11, 2001 attacks consisted of a
  series of coordinated terrorist suicide attacks
  by Islamic extremists on the United States on
  September 11, 2001.

73
No Child Left Behind, 2002

• President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind
  Act. The law helps schools improve by focusing on
  accountability for results, freedom for states
  and communities, proven education methods, and
  choices for parents.