Statistics

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Statistics
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• Statistics are pieces of data that are
  gathered and analyzed to provide information that
  can have an impact on our lives.
• On the following pages is a historical story
  showing how the use of statistics can make a
  difference.

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• It was the year 1840. The place was London,
  England.

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• Thousands of people in the cities were dying
  of a mysterious disease called cholera. There
  was no known cure and no one knew what caused the
  disease. What was especially frustrating was
  that it was unclear why people contracted the
  disease while others did not.

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• Doctor John Snow, a London doctor, decided to
  place dots on a map of London to represent each
  cholera death.

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• He found out that there was a connection
  between the cholera deaths and one water pump on
  Broad Street in London. It became very clear
  that something was contaminating the water at
  this pump and killing thousands of people.

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• Dr. Snows use of statistics led to changes
  that saved thousands of lives. After the lesson,
  you will create a study you can do at our school
  to help solve a problem. Be sure to name the
  study, describe the study, explain how you intend
  to avoid bias, and how you will display your
  results.
•  
•  

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Statistics Vocabulary
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Data

• Data is the information that is collected.
• Dr. Snow placed a dot on a map of London showing
  everywhere someone in the city died of cholera.
  That was the data.

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Mean

• The mean is another word for average. The
  average is the sum of all measurements divided by
  the number of observations in the data set.

100
78
0
89
89
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100
78
0
89
89

• If these were your grades on science tests, what
  would your grade be? You would need to find the
  average.
• Add the numbers.

356
5
Divide by the number of tests.
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Your average is
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Use the Pen in the Lower Left Corner to answer
this question.

• What is the average of these numbers?

567 432 902 693 356 996
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Use the Pen in the Lower Left Corner to answer
this question.

• What is the average of these numbers?

65437 3432 9062 61193 36956
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Using a Calculator to Find Average
Insert each number followed by a plus
sign. Touch the equal sign. Touch the divide
sign. Touch the number of items you
added. Touch the equal sign.
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Get the Calculator in Accessories

• Click the Start button.
• Click Programs.
• Click Accessories.
• Click Accessories.
• Grab the blue bar at the top of the calculator
  and move it where it is most useful.

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Open the Excel Program

• Click Esc.
• Click the Start Button.
• Click Programs.
• Click Microsoft Office.
• Click Excel.
• Click the Restore Down button.
• Click on this Powerpoint.
• Click the Restore Down button.
• Arrange the two programs side by side.

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(No Transcript)
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Finding the Mean in Excel
Type the numbers into the cells. Highlight the
cells you wish to average. Click the auto sum
button. Click on Average.
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Number in a Sequence

• What is the average of these three numbers?
• 33 34 35

If you have a set of odd numbers in a series, the
average is the middle number.
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Find the Average of these Numbers Using Excel
3,464 567 20,034 56 376 543

• 456
• 675
• 844
• 345
• 975

1,357 3,452 7,653 8,009 3,445 5,679
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Bowling Averages

• Suppose you bowled three games. Your scores were
  130, 140 and 150. What would your average be?
• How about 145, 155, and 180?

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Income of Members in a Neighborhood
16 20,000,000
What is the average income? What would happen to
the average if a person moves in who makes
20,000,000.
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Median

• The median of a set of data is the number in
  the middle. To find the median, we need to line
  up all the data from lowest to highest and then
  take the middle number.

67 34 85 33 84
Rewrite the numbers in order below and circle the
median.
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If the list of data is an even number, then there
will not be a middle number to use for the
median. In that case, take the middle two numbers
and average them.

• 657 534 239 554 935 666

Rewrite the numbers in order from lowest to
highest. Average the two middle numbers to find
the median.
Use the Pen in the Lower Left Corner to answer
this question.
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Finding the Median in Excel

• Go to Excel.
• Type in Your numbers.
• Click the Auto Sum icon.
• Click on More Functions.
• Click on Or select a category.
• Select Statistical.
• Scroll down and select Median.

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Be Careful!

• The numbers in the Number box should match the
  correct cells.

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Range

• Another measure that is helpful when we
  analyze data is the range. The range is the
  difference between the lowest and highest number
  in the set.
• If the range is large, it warns you that you
  will probably wont get useful data from the
  average.

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Find these Ranges

• 456
• 675
• 844
• 345
• 975

1,357 3,452 7,653 8,009 3,445 5,679
3,464 567 20,034 56 376 543
Use the Pen in the Lower Left Corner to answer
this question. You may use a calculator.
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Mode

• The mode in a set of data is the number that
  occurs the most.
• Find the mode of these numbers.
• 100 95 100 90 75 100 85 95
• 25 10 10 25 5 10 25 10 5

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Finding Mode in Excel

• Open Excel.
• Type numbers in the cells.
• Highlight the cells and click the AutoSum icon.
• Select Mode.
• If there is no mode, N/A will appear.

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Combine all Three
You can highlight your work, and right click and
copy. Go to your paper and right click and
paste.
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Frequency Table

• A frequency table is a table indicating how
  many of each number is in the set.

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Complete the Frequency Table.
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Relative Frequency

• The relative frequency helps you to make
  predictions. To find predictor numbers, use the
  frequency table . Make a fraction comparing the
  number compared to the total number. Then change
  the fraction into a decimal.

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one divided by 16 equals
Use the calculator.
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Summary

• When we collect data and interpret it, we can
  make important decisions that can have a profound
  impact on our lives. Think of the dramatic effect
  that collecting data can have on our lives.

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Practice
You may look back at the lesson if you need help.
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Using Your Math Skills Solve the Following
Problem.

• What is the mean, median, and mode of these
  numbers? Show work.

John went bowling. He bowled five games. His
scores were 154, 165, 125, 165, and 190.
Mean/Average
Median
Mode
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Do this Problem on the Calculator.

• Find the mean, median, and mode of the following
  numbers
• 5764, 2345, 8456, 5764, 2234, 9010, 5437

Mean
Median
Mode
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Do this Problem in Excel.

• Find the mean, median, and mode of the
  following numbers. Then highlight your work in
  Excel, copy and paste on this page.
• 456, 654, 456, 456, 654, 345, 324, 765, 876, 987,
  678, 567, 934

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Create a Frequency Chart of the Following
Information
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Determine the Relative Frequency. You may use a
calculator.
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Online Challenge

• Try playing the Landmark shark game for more
  practice with range, median, and mode  
• http//media.emgames.com/emgames/demosite/playdem
  o.html?activityM5A006activitytypedcrlevel3
• (Requires ShockWave Player)