Landmarks

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• Landmarks

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Chimney Rock

• 90 meters high
• Carved names in rock
• - Rises near Bayard,Nebraska
• Nearly half a million emigrants saw Chimney Rock

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Independence Rock

• Many emigrants arrived here on the fourth of
  July.
• Named in 1830 by William Sublette
• 700 feet wide, 1900 feet long, maximum of 128
  feet above the Sweetwater Valley floor

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Snake River

• Hundreds of feet deep at some points of the river
• Can only be crossed by using three islands as
  stepping stones
• Swallows up many things in its path
• Joins at many waterfalls

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Devils Gate

• 5 miles southwest of Independence Rock
• Has a 400 feet deep chasm.
• Located on private land
• Is 370 feet deep and 1500 feet long
• Located in Natrona County, Wyoming

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Oregon Trail

• Famous People

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John C. Fremont

• John C. Fremont lived the years 1813 through1890.
• Fremont0 was happily married to Jesse Benton.
• His job was to make the West seem attractive and
  worth settling.
• The U.S. Navy appointed Fremont civil governor of
  California.

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U.S. Presidents of 1840-1850

• William Henry Harrison won the presidential
  election of 1840 because of his catchy slogan
  Tippecanoe Tyler too.
• In 1841 Harrison caught a cold which turned into
  a pneumonia and died.
• He was the first president to die in office.
• When James Polk was in office he told congress
  there was gold in California.

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Kit Carson

• On Christmas Eve of 1806 Kit Carson was born.
• His whole name is Christopher Houston Carson.
• In 1843 he married Maria Josefa Jaramillo.
• Kit was blessed with eight children.
• Carson died on May 23,1868.

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Dr. Marcus Whitman

• Marcus was born in 1802.
• He was born in Rushville, New York.
• He practiced his medical training for four years.
• Dr.Whitman helped guide the first wagon train of
  emigrants to the Columbia River.

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Oregon Trail

• Daily Life on the Trail

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Morning Routine

• First, they start the fire.
• Secondly, the women make breakfast.
• Then they pack up all supplies.
• Lastly, they head on for the trail.

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Meal Preparation

• If lucky, they would have quail or buffalo.
• They usually ate bacon.
• Pioneers cooked their meals over an open fire.

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Jobs Along the Way

• Women washed clothes.
• Men hunted, traded, and dealt with the livestock.
• Women were the family doctors.
• Men built the cabins.

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Animals

• Horses were rejected to go on the trail.
• Oxen were the most common.
• Mules were the second common.
• Horses could not live off prairie grass.

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Distance Traveled

• People traveled about 12-15 miles in one day.
• They traveled 2,000 miles in total.
• The people traveled 6 months in total from their
  starting point to their destination.
• Oxen traveled 2 miles an hour.

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Evening Routine

• Build another fire to keep them warm.
• Prepare the evening meal.
• Eat our dinner.
• Write in our journal.
• Sleep and be ready to travel in the morning.

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Entertainment

• Make Soap or candles.
• Singing around campfire.
• Children wrestled each other at school.
• Held spelling bees
• Reading and writing in journals.

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Oregon Trail

• Jobs of the Era

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Doctor

• Provided medical treatment.
• Leeches were commonly used.
• Served as man-midwives.

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Tanner

• Striped hair and fat from animals.
• Another name for a doctor Apothecary.
• Tanners make leather goods.
• They could also tan with animals brains.
• Tanners always smelled like animal hide

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Coopers

• Coopers made barrels.
• Made barrels of wooden staves.
• Numbered staves in case of shipment.
• Put metal hoops around the wood to keep it
  together.

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Candle Making

• Candle Making was done in fall
• Main ingredient was Tallow.
• Tallow was fat from cows,sheep,and hogs.
• First tallow was stirred in cast iron pots

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Blacksmiths

• They made iron rims for cart wheels.
• Blacksmiths worked long hours with little pay.
• Often fixed childrens play hoops.
• Shoed horses.
• Soften metal with fire.

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Oregon Trail

• Hardships

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Disease

• Hardly any real doctors traveled along the trail
  to cure diseases.
• People who were sick and dead from disease along
  the trail would be abandoned on the side of the
  road.
• Cholera killed more emigrants than anything else.

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Deaths

• Pioneers lied saying that they knew how to drive.
  They lost control and death occurred .
• Infection caused deaths.
• When people were on the wagon and they fell under
  the wheels .

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River Crossings

• The indians helped the pioneers cross rivers.
• Source of distress for pioneers.
• 37people drowned in1850 alone trying to cross the
  Green River .

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Injuries

• Sometimes there werent real doctors on the
  trail.
• Cuts and broken bones could become infected.
• The youngest kids were usually the ones to get
  hurt.

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Supply and Quality of Water

• At Cherry Creek the water was dried up like most
  other creeks.
• The pioneers had to dig holes in the sand for
  water for people and horses.
• Scarcity of water can lead to intense suffering
  for man and animals on the trail.

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Lack of Food

• Because of the lack of food pioneers wouldnt
  have energy to move on.
• They might get diseases from lack of vitamins.
• In the desert there wasnt much game to hunt.