Phytochemicals

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Nutragenomics and Nutraceuticals An Overview

• Mohamed M. Rafi

1/20/04
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Role of Nutraceuticals in Cancer
Oxidative Damage
Carotenoids, phenolics terpenes,
tocopherols flavonoids
Fibers, phytosterols, terpenes sulfides,
phenolics, lignans triterpenoids,
isoflavones cruciferous indoles
Carcinogens
Tumor Promotion
Tumor Promotion
Tumor Promotion
Tumor Promotion
Steroid Hormones
Initiation
Phenolics, salicylates flavonoids polyacetylenes s
ulfides
Coumarins, flavonoids triterpenoids
Sulfides, isoflavones
Prostaglandin (PGS)
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Nutraceuticals

• Introduced and originated from the thoughts of
  Dr. Stephen DeFelice, founder and Chairman of The
  Foundation for Innovation in Medicine, over a
  dinner in Rome in 1989.
• A nutraceutical is any substance considered a
  food, or part of a food, with medical or health
  benefits, including the prevention, treatment or
  cure of disease.
• Nutraceutical Institute was established at
  Rutgers.

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Nutragenomics Vs Nutrigenomics

• Nutrigenomics Vitamins, aminoacids, minerals,
  trace elements etc effect on genes or proteins.
  Less than 60.
• Nutragenomics More than 1000 compounds. Eg.
  Resveratrol from grapes, Genistein from Soy
  proteins, Lutein from Kiwi fruits and broccoli,
  Lycopene from Tomato.
• Foods are loaded with Nutraceuticals.

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Nutri(a)genomics

• Nobel laureate Linus Pauling
• Genetic test to discover nutritional needs.
• Using Applied genomic technologies.
• Develop functional foods based on genetic make up.

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Nutragenomics

• To study how nutraceuticals regulate gene
  expression or effect of Nutraceuticals on genes
  and proteins for health promotion.
• To understand the mechanism and address the
  following
• How and where it binds ?
• How it triggers the signaling pathways ?
• How it activates Transcriptional factors ?
• How it induces/inhibits apoptosis in cancer and
  other diseases ?
• Is it bioavailable ?
• How we can deliver ?
• Future Foods ?

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Nutraceuticals

• Nutraceuticals are naturally derived, bioactive
  compounds that have health promoting, disease
  preventing or medicinal properties.
• Nutraceuticals can be delivered in the form of
  food (functional foods) or as a dietary
  supplement or in both forms.
• Nutraceutical industry is a fast growing
  industry.
• Consumers needs now sound science.
  
  
  
  
  
  

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Let thy food be thy medicine, and the medicine
be thy food- Hippocrate
Nearly two thirds of the worlds 6.1 billion
people rely on the healing power of plant based
materials for many reasons- availability,
affordability, or their belief in traditional
cures.
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Nutraceuticals in Orange

• Tangeretin
• Nobiletin

Contain hesperidin, tangeretin, nobiletin, and
limonene
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Broccoli

• Contains beta-carotene, lutein, quercetins,
  sulphoraphane, and indoles

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Lycopene Effect in Diseases

• Lycopene found to reduce risks of various
  cancers
• prostate
• digestive tract
• bladder
• skin
• lung
• breast
• cervical
• cardiovascular disease (Sesso et al, 2002)
• asthma (Neuman et al, 2000)