Potentially Deadly Bacteria

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Potentially Deadly Bacteria Viruses

• 2nd Period Biology
• Mr. Gamble

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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

• The Ebola Virus affects humans, and any
  non-human primate.
  
• The virus is often fatal. (80-90 of the time)
• Symptoms of the disease include
• Eye Inflammation
• Hemorrhagic Rash
• Excessive loss of blood
• Genital Swelling
• Pain in skin
• Seizures
• There are no known treatments for the fever.
  There are, however trials under way, in which
  medication an intravenous fluids were introduced
  to the body. This is a way to minimize the
  bleeding.

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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

• Certain regions have a higher rate of
  susceptibility, including Africa, especially
  central Africa.
  
• Ebola is spread by contact with virus-infected
  blood, bloody fluids, organs, or semen.
  
• Episodes of the spread have occurred in Zaire
  because of unsafe and unsanitary practices of
  treating the fatal illness.

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What is Bird Flu?

• Avian Influenza (H591)
• The flu can affect birds and humans.
• People get the bird flu by eating domesticated
  animals or by coming into contact with them.
  
• Infected birds shed influenza through their snot,
  saliva, and feces. Other birds can become
  affected by coming into contact with this.

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How can the Bird Flu affect humans?

• Symptoms of the Bird Flu in humans are normal flu
  symptoms (cough, fever, sore throat, muscle
  aches) to eye infections, pneumonia, severe
  respiratory diseases, and other severe and
  life-threatening complications. Symptoms can vary
  depending on the virus that causes them.
• Because influenza viruses have the ability to
  change, scientists are worried that the virus one
  day may be able to spread from person to person.

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Vanocomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)

• Enterococcus is a bacteria that lives the
  digestive system.
  
• They dont usually cause problems in healthy
  people.
  
• VRE are mutant strains if this bacteria that
  resist vancomycin.
  
• Vancomycin is a powerful drug used against
  bacteria.
  
• if you get it then it can be dangerous because
  it cannot be treated by anti-biotics.
  
• babies and old people are more susceptible to it
  because their immune systems are weaker.
  
• It is able to transmit its immunity to
  Vanocomycin to other, more dangerous bacteria.
  

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Continued

• It can be avoided by good hygiene, you can avoid
  it by staying away from affected people or
  objects.
  
• In the USA all reported cases of VRE came from
  hospitals.
  
• If you are worried about catching VRE the you
  should consult your doctor and see if his/her
  hospital has a history of VRE.
  
• It cannot be transferred genetically, but It can
  be caught while the child is in the hospital.
  
• Symptoms include Red warm skin, fatigue, fever,
  pain in affected area, swelling and drainage at
  the affected area.

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1918 Spanish Flu

• Not of Spanish Origin
• Developed by scientists in search of cure for
  typhoid
  
• Caused Hemorrhagic Pneumonia (bleeding of the
  lungs)
  
• Usually resulted in Death within days, sometimes
  hours
  

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Reconstructed Spanish Flu Virus

• Killed more people than WWI
• An estimate of 20-40 million people died
• The estimated average American life span was
  decreased by 10 years
  
• People had to wear masks in public places
• Funerals were shortened to 15 minutes
• An estimated 28 of Americans were infected

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Herpes Simplex Virus

• HSV is a type of herpes virus that affects the
  skin and nervous system.
  
• There are two herpes simplex viruses Herpes
  Simplex Type 1 (HSV-1) Herpes Simplex Type 2
  (HSV-2)
  
• Symptoms include
• - red, sensitive skin
• - sores or blisters
• - headaches
• - fever
• - swollen lymph glands in the groin
• There is no cure for herpes but antiviral
  medications can prevent breakouts of the skin

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Genital and Oral Herpes

• Oral herpes is an infection caused by the herpes
  simplex virus.
  
• The virus causes painful sores on your lips,
  gums, tongue, roof of your mouth, and inside your
  cheeks.
  
• Genital Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease
  (STD) caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1
  (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2).
  

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HPVHuman Papillomavirus

• STD that is found in the genital area of both men
  and women and it also passed on by skin to skin
  contact.
  
• Includes 100 or more different types of viruses
• No cure to HPV but infection usually goes away on
  its own.
  
• HPV is often asymptomatic, but sometimes it may
  cause genital warts.

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HPV

• Many kinds of HPV not all cause health probs.
• Likely to get HPV if
• Sex at and early age
• Many sex partners
• A sex partner who has had many partners
• Way to screen for cervical cancer Pap Test (can
  be done with HPV test)
  
• Nearly three out of four Americans between the
  ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital
  HPV in their lifetime.
  

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Escherichia coli

• What is E coli?
• It is an infection by bacteria that can make you
  quite sick when you eat contaminated food.
  
• What are the symptoms?
• nausea, severe abdominal cramps, watery or bloody
  diarrhea, tiredness, vomiting, low-grade fever
  
• From what can you get the disease from?
• alfalfa sprouts, lettuce, salami, milk or juice
  that has not been pasteurized, contaminated
  water, SPINACH

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Escherichia coli-Part II

• How is it treated?
• The disease will usually go away by itself and
  antibiotics are not prescribed.
  
• Sometimes diarrhea medicine is necessary.
• Diarrhea dehydrates the body and you must take in
  a lot of liquids.
  
• How long do the symptoms last?
• The disease usually goes away in 5-10 days and is
  rarely fatal.

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Hantavirus

• The word hantavirus comes from the Hantan River,
  where the virus was first isolated
  
• The primarily infected countries are
• China, Korea, Russia, Western Europe
• It mainly affects rodents and other small
  animals
  
• Hantavirus has an incubation time of 2-4 weeks in
  humans, before symptoms of infection occur.

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Hantavirus Symptoms

• There are five phases of symptoms febrile,
  hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic and convalescent
  
• Febrile phase
• Symptoms include fever, chills, malaise,
  headaches, nausea, abdominal and back pain, as
  well as gastro-intestinal problems. These
  symptoms normally occur for 3-7days.
• Hypotensive phase
• This occurs when the blood platelet levels drop
  and symptoms can lead to tachycardia and
  hypoxemia This phase can last for 2 days.
  
• Oliguric phase
• This phase lasts for 3-7 days and is
  characterised by the onset of renal failure and
  proteinuria occurs.
  
• Diuretic phase
• This is characterized by diuresis of 3-6L per
  day, which can last for a couple of days up to
  weeks.
  
• Convalescent phase
• This is normally when recovery occurs and
  symptoms begin to improve.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

• It is a bacterium that is resistant to all
  penicillin
  
• Widespread commonly found on healthy peoples
  skin/nose
  
• Infections occur to people in hospitals or
  healthcare facilities

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Other M.R.S.A. Facts

• Platencimycin is used to fight off MRSA since it
  is immune to most antibiotics
  
• Prevention of an infections to use alcohol
• Symptoms include reddish skin, fever, headache,
  or death

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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

• Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is a pathogen that attacks
  formerly compromised tissue
  
• The lung tissue of patients with Cystic
  Fibrosisoften is attacked
  
• P. Aeruginosa often infects the pulmonary
• tract, urinary tract, burns, and causes many
• blood infections
• Hot Tub rash is caused by this bacteria

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P. Aeruginosa Contd

• One in ten hospital infections is from this
  bacteria
  
• This can also effect plants, appearing as soft
  rot
  
• P. Aeruginosa is capable of growth in many
  environments, including diesel and jet fuel
  
• This bacteria is resistant to many antibiotics,
  but can be contained by ones such as polymyxins
  and monobactams
  

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The Marburg Virus

• The causative agent of Marburg hemorrhagic fever,
  
  
• a group of illnesses caused by distinct families
  of viruses.
  
• Originated in Uganda and Eastern Congo.
• First reported in Marburg, Germany.
• Experts believe the virus is rare, and only found
  in Africa.
  
• SYMPTOMS
• Seizures
• Coma
• Delirium
• Bleeding from nose, mouth, eyes, ears, etc.

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• There is no cure, however supportive hospital
  therapy should be utilized.
  
• Maintain oxygen status and blood pressure
• Replace lost blood and clotting factors
• Scientists developed a vaccine to protect animals
  against the virus.
  
• Who is at risk people who have had close
  contact with a human or non-human primate
  infected with the virus.
  
• There is a 23-25 fatality rate.
• Patients can make a full recovery over a long
  period of time.
  
• The key is to try to prevent the patient to
  becoming dehydrated.
  

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Aspergillus

• It is a fungus that causes black mold on some
  kinds of fruits and vegetables.
  
• It is also found in environments that lack in key
  nutrients (i.e. aspergillus niger found on damp
  walls as mildew).
  
• It is also found in almost all oxygen-rich
  environments.

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• Some species can cause
• serious human diseases, like
• Allergic aspergillosis- affects
• Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and sinusitis patients.
• 2. Acute invasive aspergillosis (risk increases
  if patient has weakened immunity such as some
  cancer patients and those in chemotherapy).
  
• 3. Disseminated invasive aspergillosis
  (widespread through body).
  
• Some Symptoms are fever, cough, chest pain, or
  loss of breath.
  

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Yersinia Pestis
AKA Black Death

• Usually transmitted to humans via infected fleas
• Has been found in the teeth of those who died
  from the Black Death
  
• Three different forms bubonic, septicemic, and
  pneumonic
  
• Symptoms different for each

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Yersinia Pestis

• Bubonic affects lymph nodes
• Symptoms High fever extreme weakness red, hot
  swellings where flea bite was deliriousness
  
• Septicemic- when bacteria spreads to the
  bloodstream and causes a blood infection
  
• Symptoms Vomiting severe bleeding problems
  shock kidney failure severe breathing
  difficulties.
  
• Pneumonic - when contaminated airborne droplets
  is inhaled or bacteria spreads to the lungs.
  
• Symptoms High fever extreme weakness chest
  pain rapid breathing severe shortness of
  breath coughing up of blood.

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Salmonella

• A genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative
  enterobacteria that causes typhoid fever,
  paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness
  
• Where it comes from
• It can grow on almost any food but chicken and
  eggs are high risk foods
  
• Prevention
• Wash hands and surfaces often, completely cook
  meat poultry, cook at proper temperatures,
  refrigerate properly

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contin.

• What does it do to your body?
• -Binds to the wall of the intestine, taken to the
  liver or spleen. It will then cause diarrhea
  other symptoms
  
• Symptoms
• -sudden causes of nausea , abdominal cramping,
  and bloody diarrhea with mucous
  

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Sources Cited

• Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
• http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispage
  s/ebola.htm
  
• http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00
  1339.htm
  
• Avian Bird Flu
• http//www.sfcdcp.org/UserFiles/Image/avian_flu_vi
  rus.jpg   
  
• http//www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm 
• Vanocomycin-resistant Enterococci
• http//www.gentlebirth.org/vre/vremain.html
• http//www.healthtouch.com/bin/EContent_HT/cnoteSh
  owLfts.asp?fname07133titleVANCOMYCINRESISTANT
  ENTEROCOCCUScidHTHLTH
  
• 1918 Spanish Flu
• http//www.rense.com/general63/ebola.htm 
• http//virus.stanford.edu/uda/
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu
• http//www.whale.to/vaccine/sf1.html
• Herpes Simplex Virus

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Continued

• HPV
• http//www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm 
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//medi
  cineworld.org/images/blogs/hpv-virus-45620.jpgimg
  refurlhttp//medicineworld.org/news/news-archives
  /infectious-disease-news/April-23-2006.htmlh270
  w360sz81hlenstart4tbnid3h08WIdEzIWqhMtb
  nh91tbnw121prev/images3Fq3DHPV2Bvirus2B2
  6svnum3D1026hl3Den26sa3DN
•  http//www.fda.gov/womens/getthefacts/hpv.html 
• http//www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_hpv_facts.cfm 
  
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1320000/images/_1322
  149_virus150.jpg
  
• Escherichia Coli
• http//www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display
  /GP2144.jpg
  
• http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escheri
  chiacoli_g.htm
  
• http//galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HWRC/hits?doc
  NumA150474523year2year1tcit1_1_0_0_0locID
  san74543rlt1origSearchtruetRKs1rditems
  0secondaryfalseon10day2day1ldsgPhrase
  falsemonth2month1c2bucketrefSUecoli
• http//www.math.pitt.edu/bard/bardware/popeye/spi
  nach.gif
  
• Hanta Virus
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus
• http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/index
  .htm
  
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant
  _Staphylococcus_aureus
  
• http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/mrsa.htm
  
  
• http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_mrsa.html
• http//www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/biol_hazards/methic
  illin.html

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Continued

• Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
• http//www.pseudomonas.com/
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginos
  a
  
• http//textbookofbacteriology.net/pseudomonas.html
  
  
• http//www.cmdr.ubc.ca/bobh/PAAP.html
• www.cellsalive.com/cover3.htm
• Marburg Virus
• http//www.webmd.com/content/article/6/1680_53323?
  srcInktomiconditionHealth20Topics20A-Z 
  
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/44
  08289.stm
  
• Aspergillus
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus 
• http//healthandenergy.com/aspergillis.htm
• Yersinia Pestis
• http//uhavax.hartford.edu/bugl/Yersinia-pestis.jp
  g
  
• http//www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/le
  ctures/lecture/plague.htm
  
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestis
• http//www.cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/yersi.htm
• http//www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339
  /24675.html

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Continued

• Salmonella
• http//www.salmonella.org/info.html
• http//www.abou-salmonella.com/pg.3.html
• http//www.wikepedia/salmonella/org