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Title:

sp2 Hybridization

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AXmEn. A = ?????????. X = ?????????????????????????????????? ... AXmEn - ????????????????????? LP, BP ???????????? - ????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: sp2 Hybridization


1
sp2 Hybridization


s
py
px
120 o
???????????????
sp2
2
sp2 Hybridization
????????????????? BF3
5B
9F
1s2
2s2
2px5
1s2
2s2
2px1
2py0
2pz0
3 ?????
sp2
1s2
3
sp Hybridization

s
sp
p
- ???????? 180 ???? - ??????????????????
4
sp Hybridization
????????????????? BeH2
4Be
1H
1s2
2s2
2px0
2py0
2pz0
2 ?????
sp
1s2
5
sp3d Hybridization


s
px,y,z
????????????? ??????????
sp3d
6
sp3d Hybridization
????????????????? PCl5
15P
Ne
Ne 3s2 3px1 3py1 3pz1 3dz20
3s2
3p5
Ne
17Cl
5 ?????
sp3d
7
sp3d 2 Hybridization



s
px,y,z
??????????
sp3d 2
8
sp3d 2 Hybridization
????????????????? SF6
16S
Ne
Ne 3s2 3px2 3py1 3pz1 3dx2- y20 3dz20
9F
1s2
2s2
2px5
6 ?????
sp3d2
9
???????????????????
????? (C2H6)
6C
1s2
2s2
2px1
2py1
2pz0
1H
sp3
1s2
10
???????????
- sp3-orbital 3 orbital ??? C ??????????
???????????? H 3 ?????
- sp3-orbital ??? 1 orbital ???????????????????
????????????
11
??????? (C2H4)
6C
- sp2-orbital 2 orbital ??? C ??????????
???????????? H
1s2
2s2
2p2
- sp2-orbital 1 orbital ??? C ??????????
???????????????
sp2
1s2
2p1
12
????????
- ?????????????????? p-orbital ??? Carbon ???
?????????? Hybrid ????????? Overlap ????
????????????????? 1 ?????
13
????????? (C2H2)
6C
- sp-orbital 1 orbital ??? C ??????????
???????????? H
1s2
2s2
2p2
- sp-orbital 1 orbital ??? C ??????????
???????????????
sp
1s2
2p2
14
????????
- ?????????????????? py, pz-orbital ??? C ??????
??????? Hybrid ????????? Overlap ????????
????????????? 2 ?????
15
?????????
1. ???????????? (Formal Charge, FC)
- ?????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????
?????????????? - ?????????????????? ??????????
????????????? ????????????????????????????? - ???
????????????????????????? ? ???
16
FC V - N - 1/2B
??????
V ????????????????????????? ????????????
N ???????????????????????????? ?????????? B
????????????????????????? ?????????
17
????????????????? NH4
FC V - N - 1/2B
FC ??? N 5 - 0 - 1/2(8) 1
FC ??? H 1 - 0 - 1/2(2) 0
FC ??? 1
18
2. ???????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????
?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????
?????????????????? - ?????????????????? ???
????????????????????? ?????????????????????
???? SO2 ????? ???????????????? 2 ??? ???
19
????
????????
- ???????????? 143.2 pm - ???????????? 532.2
kJ/mol
??????????????????
20
????????????????? C6H6
6C
1s2
2s2
2p2
sp2
1s2
2p1
21
????????????????????????????????? (Valence
Shell Electron Pair Replusion Theory, VSEPR)
- ?????????? Orbital Hybridization
?????????? ?????????????? - ????????????? ????
????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? - ????
??????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????
????????
22
?????????? ???
AXmEn
A ????????? X ????????????????????????????????
?? A E ????????????????????????????? m ???????
??????????????????????????? (Bonding Pair,
BP) n ????????????????????????????????????? (N
on-bonding Pair, NP or LP)
23
?????????? VSEPR
1. ????????????????? ???????????????? m ??? n
?????????????????? 2. ???????????????????????????
????? ????? ????????????????????????????????????
???????? ????????????????????????? 3. ???????????
???????????????? ????????????? ??????
24
LP-LP gt LP-BP gt BP-BP
4. ???????????????????? (Multiple Bond),
MB ?????????????????????? 1 ?????
???????? 5. ????????????????????????????? ??????
??????
LP gt MB gt BP gt UP
6. ?????????????????????? BP ??????? ??????
???????? EN ??????????????????????????????? ???
???????????????????????????
25
???????????????????????????????
1. ?????????????????????????????????????
?????????? ???
AXm
- ????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????? ???????
???????????????????? ?????????
26
- ????????????????? ????????????? ??????????
???????? Orbital Hybridization ??? ???????
????????????????????? ?????????????? Hybrid
2. ??????????????????????????????????
?????????? ???
AXmEn
- ????????????????????? LP, BP ????????????
27
- ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????
???????? Orbital Hybridization
????????????????? NH3
?????????????????? N 5 ?????? ??????????????????
???????? H 1 x 3 ?????? ??????????????????????
8 ??????
28
?????????????????????????? 3 ???
???????????????????????????????? 1 ???
??????????????????? N 4 ???
????????? ?????????? (Tetrahedral)
???????????? LP-BP gt BP-BP
?????????????? ????????????????????
29
????????????????? ClF3, SF4 , ICl4-, H2O
?????????????????? VSEPR
AX4E
AX3E2
AX2E2
AX4E2
AX5
AX4E
AX3E2
AX2
AX3
AX2E
AX6
AX5E
AX4E2
AX4
AX3E
AX2E2
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