Title: Photo Album
1Introduction to Insects
Insect Biodiversity Phylum Arthropoda Characteris
tics Major Classes Insect Structure
Function External Internal Major Orders of Class
Insecta
2Insects account for most of the earths
biodiversity
3Insects account for most of the earths
terrestrial animal biomass
4Arthropods Exoskeleton Segmented body parts
Paired appendages Open circulatory system Open
respiratory system Ventral nerve cord
Millipedes 2 or more prs. Legs / segment
5Arthropods Centipedes 1 pr. Legs / segment
6Arthropods Arachnids Cephalothorax, Abdomen 4
prs. Legs No antennae
Spiders
7Arthropods Archnids Mites
8Arthropods Insects 3 body parts 3 prs legs 2
prs wings 1 pr. Antennae
9Exoskeleton
Prevents water loss Protection from
predators Muscle Attachments
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11Ultrastructure of the Insect Exoskeleton Cuticle E
pidermis (Cellular) Basement Membrane
Epicuticle (wax, lipids)
Exocuticle Sclerotin
Procuticle
Endocuticle Chitin
Chitin Nitrogenous polysaccharide (C8H13NO5)n
Chitin
Sclerotin
Quinones
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13Major Body Parts of Insects
14Perception Vision Smell Taste Feeding
The Insect Head
15Chewing Mouthparts
16Sucking Mouthparts
17Sucking Mouthparts
18Insect proboscis inserted into plant vascular
tissue
19Balsam Woolly Adelgid Proboscis
20Thorax
Locomotion 3 prs. Legs 2 prs. wings
21Insect Legs
22Abdomen Reproduction Excretion Respiration Hearing
23Sawfly ovipositing in pine needle
24Nervous System Largely Decentralized
Central Brain Ventral nerve chord Peripher
al Ganglia
25Circulatory System
Nutrient transport, Immune System, Hydraulic
mechanism No thermoregulation Not involved in
respiration
26Digestive System
Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut Foregut Hindgut are
sclerotized Gut Enzymes Gut pH Microbial
Community
27Respiratory System
Implications to insect size pesticide
efficacy
28Female Reproductive System
29Female Reproductive System pales weevil
Immature Ovaries
Oviduct
Mature Ovaries
30Male Reproductive System pales weevil
31Insect Growth and Development Growth Moulting I
mmature Stages Instars Endocrine
Control Ecdysone Moulting Hormone Steroid Devel
opment Rate Environmental factors
32Insect Growth and Development Development Hemime
tabolous Egg - Nymph (instars) -
Adult Holometabolous Egg - Larva (instars) -
Pupa - Adult Parthenogenesis Polymorphism Endocrin
e Control Juvenile Hormone Terpene Diapause Obli
gate vs. Facultative Regulation Environmentally
Induced Changes Aestivation, Migration
33Insect Growth Development
Incomplete (hemimetabolous) Development nymphs
Complete (holometabolous) Development larvae
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35Orthoptera Grasshoppers Chewing Mouthparts
Hemimetabolous Leathery fore wings Membranous
hind wings
36Phasmatodea Walking Sticks Chewing Mouthparts
Hemimetabolous Herbivorous
37Mantodea Mantids Chewing Mouthparts
Hemimetabolous Predators
Mantids illustrate common features of predators
38Blattodea Termites Chewing Mouthparts
Hemimetabolous Social Feed on cellulose by using
symbionts
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40Blattodea Roaches Chewing Mouthparts
Hemimetabolous
41Thysanoptera Thrips Highly Modified Mouthparts
Intermediate between chewing sucking Piercing
Sucking Mouthparts fused into cone
Asymmetric) Hemimetabolous (but complex) Fringed
wings
42Hemiptera Bugs Sucking Mouthparts
Hemimetabolous, but sometimes very
complex Heteroptera Basal portion of forewing
leathery Most predatory
43Hemiptera Bugs Homoptera Wings uniformly
membranous Most phytophagous Often very complex
life cycles
44Homoptera Scale Insects reduced body parts
45Coleoptera Beetles Chewing Mouthparts
Holometabolous Forewing thickened into
elytra Largest most diverse insect order
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47Weevils Largest insect family
48Beetle Larvae Weevils, Bark beetles - grub-like
49Beetle Larvae Leaf beetles - caterpillar-like
50Diptera Flies Sucking Mouthparts
Holometabolous Hind wings highly reduced
halteres
51Diptera Ectoparasitic fluid feeders
52Diptera Gall - forming plant feeders
53Diptera Parasites of insects
54Lepidoptera Butterflies Moths Chewing
Mouthparts as Larvae Sucking as
adults Holometabolous Scaly Wings 3rd largest
insect order Mostly phytophagous
55Lepidoptera Larvae
56Hymenoptera Wasps, Bees, Ants Modified Chewing
Mouthparts Holometabolous Membranous Wings
Often Highly Modified Ovipositor 2nd largest
insect order
Sawfly adults
57Sawfly larvae
58Woodwasps
59Bees
60Parasitic wasps
61Parasitic wasp larva in gypsy moth