Modifier Mixups

1
Modifier Mix-ups

• Adjectives modify nouns adverbs modify
• verbs and adjectives.

2
What is the role of adjectives?

• Adjectives modify or add information about nouns.
  
• For example
• I ate a meal (noun).
• Here we don't know what kind of meal all we know
  is that someone ate a meal.
• Now lets add an adjective
• I ate an enormous meal.
• Enormous is an adjective that tells us what kind
  of meal the person ate.

What kind of days?
3
What questions do adjectives answer?

• Adjectives usually answer one of three questions
  
• a. What kind of?
• b. Which?
• c. How many?
• __1. Kendra noticed that Amber drives a new
  pickup.
• __2. Last week, Sonya passed several quizzes.
• __3. Unfortunately, Candace missed the last class.

What kind of deal is it?
4
The questions that adjectives answer

• Adjectives usually answer one of three questions
  
• a. What kind of?
• b. Which?
• c. How many?
• a_1. Kendra noticed that Amber drives a new
  pickup.
• c_2. Last week, Sonya passed several quizzes.
• b_3. Unfortunately, Candace missed the last class.

Mistreated office worker?
5
Then whats the role of adverbs?

• Adverbs modify or add meaning to
• verbs,
• adjectives, and
• other adverbs.
• Adverbs are usually formed by adding -ly to an
  adjective.
• Adverbs typically answer the questions
• How?
• In what way?

You are what you eat!
6
So how do adverbs function?

• Use each adverb to fill a blank
• a. carelessly
• b. beautifully
• c. very
• __1. Rubi was incredibly well-trained and
  prepared, so she sang __.
• __2. Rigoberto was tired of the soccer game, so
  he played __.
• __3. The fourth of July ball game was on a __ hot
  afternoon.

Who else could she sing for?
7
Here is how adverbs work

• Use each adverb to fill a blank
• a. carelessly
• b. beautifully
• c. very
• b_1. Rubi was incredibly well-trained and
  prepared, so she sang __.
• a_2. Rigoberto was tired of the soccer game, so
  he played __.
• c_3. The fourth of July ball game was on a __ hot
  afternoon.

And how could they clap?
8
How do we use adjectives and adverbs?

• Adjectives and adverbs do not mean the same
  thing.
• Using an adjective or an adverb actually changes
  the meaning of sentences.
• Which one means I dont feel well?
• __1. I feel bad.
• __2. I feel badly.
• Which one means the dog needs a bath?
• __1. The dog smells badly.
• __2. The dog smells bad.

Sonyas pet-control policy?
9
How we use adjectives and adverbs

• Adjectives and adverbs do not mean the same
  thing.
• Using an adjective or an adverb actually changes
  the meaning of sentences.
• This one means I dont feel well
• X_1. I feel bad.
• __2. I feel badly.
• This one means the dog needs a bath
• __1. The dog smells badly.
• X_2. The dog smells bad.

Kendras pet solution?
10
How should we use good and well?

• Good is an adjective, but well is an adverb.
• Which ones use good and which ones use well?
• __1. On essay writing days, Sonya feels __ and
  nervous.
• __2. Having a really great job, Jon lives __.
• __3. Being a careful student, Rubi studies __.
• __4. Knowing that the quizzes count, Jose has
  been __ and done them all.

What kind of agent?
11
Heres how to use good and well

• Good is an adjective, but well is an adverb.
• Which ones use good and which ones use well?
• 1. On essay writing days, Sonya feels good and
  nervous.
• 2. Having a really great job, Jon lives well.
• 3. Being a careful student, Rubi studies well.
• 4. Knowing that the quizzes count, Jose has been
  good and done them all.

The get-tough solution
12
What do less and fewer mean?

• Use less to describe an uncountable noun use
  fewer for the countable.
• Fill in each blank with less or fewer
• __ money is being allocated to work-study
  positions this year.
• As a result, we will have ___ student workers.
• There also will be __ help with answering the
  phones.

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Heres how less and fewer differ

• Use less to describe an uncountable noun use
  fewer for the countable.
• Fill in each blank with less or fewer
• Less money is being allocated to work-study
  positions this year.
• As a result, we will have fewer student workers.
• There also will be less help with answering the
  phones.

Or how to lose loose change
14
Where do we put the adverbs?

• The adverb is misplaced in nonstandard English
• __1. We once in a while travel.
• __2. We travel once in a while.
• Nonstandard also misuses anymore and whenever
• __3. We use the DVD nowadays.
• __4. We use the DVD anymore.
• __5. Whenever Ava quit college.
• __6. When Ava quit college.

Why trust anymore?
15
Where we put the adverbs

• In standard English, put the adverb of time last
• __1. We once in a while travel.
• X_2. We travel once in a while.
• In positive statements, use nowadays for anymore
  and when for whenever
• X_3. We use the DVD nowadays.
• __4. We use the DVD anymore.
• __5. Whenever Ava quit college.
• X_6. When Ava quit college.

Whose idea was it?
16
What are comparative adjectives?

• Comparative, one syllable adjectives and adverbs
  add er longer ones use more and most
• Katie looks more good/ better than her more
  young/ younger sister does.
• Roberto is handsomer/ more handsome than his most
  old/ eldest brother is.
• Eva is more funny/ funnier on jokes than ever.

How a guy can be a looker
17
Heres how to form comparatives

• Comparative adjectives
• Katie looks more good/ better than her more
  young/ younger sister does.
• Add er to short adjectives.
• 2. Roberto is handsomer/ more handsome than his
  most old/ eldest brother is.
• Add more to long adjectives.
• 3. Eva is more funny/ funnier with her jokes than
  ever.
• Change y ending adjectives to ier.

When push comes to shove
18
How do we form comparatives?

• Which option is correct?
• __1. The spread of English throughout the world
  is __ in the history of languages.   
• a. most unique, b. unique, c. more unique, d.
  the uniquest.
• __2. The nonnative speaker threat to English
  should not be taken __.   
• a. too seriously, b. too serious, c. to
  seriously.

Must dialect speakers like Ken learn Standard
English in ESL?
19
Here are the correct answers

• a_1. The spread of English throughout the world
  is __ in the history of languages.   
• a. most unique, b. unique, c. more unique, d.
  the uniquest.
• a_2. The threat to English by nonnative
  speakers shouldnt be taken __.   
• a. too seriously, b. too serious, c. to
  seriously.

How do you define wordy?
20
How do we express equality?

• To show equality, use as adjective/adverb as.
• Which options are correct?
• __1. Actually, Eva is __ anyone in the class.
• a. as smart, b. smarter,
• c. as smart as, d. smartest
• __2. However, Rob isnt quite
• __ Brenda in English.
• a. as fast as, b. so fast as,
• c. that fast, d. at fast so.

But is this really fair?
21
Heres how we express equality

• Notice that the word as is used twice
• C_1. Actually, Eva is __ anyone in the class.
• a. as smart, b. smarter,
• c. as smart as, d. smartest
• Dont replace as with so
• A_2. However, Rob isnt quite
• __ Brenda in English.
• a. as fast as, b. so fast as,
• c. that fast, d. at fast so.

22
How do we form superlatives?

• Which option is correct?
• __1. English is __ spoken language in the world.
• a. the most widely
• b. the more widely
• c. a widely
• __2. Back roads are __ traveled roads of all.
• a. the less
• b. the lesser
• c. the least

What happens when a chicken crosses an empty
road?
23
How do we form superlatives?

• This option is correct
• a_1. English is __ spoken language in the world.
• a. the most widely
• b. the more widely
• c. a widely
• c_2. Back roads are __ traveled roads of all.
• a. the less
• b. the lesser
• c. the least

What happens when a chicken crosses an empty
road?
24
Is that, then, or than comparative?

• That, then, and than are three different words
  with totally different meanings
• The English class in high school was easier
  (then, than) the one in college.
• US football players are most often clumsier
  (that, than) soccer players.
• No one knew (that, then) our class ended next
  month.

How do you define clumsy?
25
Only the word than is comparative!

• That, then, and than are three different words
  with totally different meanings
• The English class in high school was easier
  (then, than) the one in college.
• US football players are most often clumsier
  (that, than) soccer players.
• No one knew (that, then) our class ended next
  month.

Could the guy use the help?
26
What about double comparatives?

• In double comparatives, the second part is the
  result of the first.
• Use warmer, merrier, and harder.
• __1. The __ you study, the more you will learn.
• __2. The __ the weather, the __ we like it.
• __3. How many are coming?
• The more, the __.

Dreaming of more?
27
Here are the double comparatives

• In double comparatives, the second part is the
  result of the first.
• Use a. warmer, b. merrier, and c. harder.
• C_1. The __ you study, the more you will learn.
• A_2. The __ the weather, the __ we like it.
• B_3. How many are coming?
• The more, the __.