Principles of Personal Health

1
Principles of Personal Health
2
Chapter 5

• Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

3
Sexuality

• A dimension of personality shaped by biological,
  psychosocial, and cultural forces and concerning
  all aspects of sexual behavior.

4
Sexual Anatomy

• Gonads ? ovaries-testes
• Produce Germ cells and hormones
• Germ Cells
• Female - ova(eggs)
• Male - sperm

5
Female Sex Organs

• Vulva The external female sex organs
• Clitoris The highly sensitive female genital
  structure
• Vagina The passage leading from the female
  genitals to the internal reproductive organs the
  birth canal

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Female Sex Organs

• Cervix The end or neck of the uterus opening
  toward the vagina
• Uterus The hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ
  in which the fertilized egg develops the womb
• Ovary One of the two female reproductive glands
  that produce ova

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Male Sex Organs

• Penis The male genitalia structure consisting
  of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood
  during sexual excitement
• Testes One of two male gonads, the site of
  sperm production
• Scrotum The pouch that contains a pair of testes

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Hormones

• Chemical messengers that are secreted directly
  into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands
• Sex hormones influence the development of the
  reproductive system

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Hormones

• Androgens produced by the testes
• Testosterone
• Female hormones
• Estrogen
• Progestins

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Sexual Maturation

• Female
• Physical changes
• Menstrual cycle
• Male
• Physical changes

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Female

• Physical changes
• Breast development, followed by a rounding of the
  hips, and growth of pubic hair

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Female

• Menstrual cycle
• The monthly ovarian cycle that leads to
  menstruation(loss of blood and tissue lining the
  uterus) in the absence of pregnancy

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Male

• Maturation in males occurs about two years later
  than that of girls
• Physical changes include
• Enlargement of testes and penis
• Development of pubic hair
• Onset of ejaculation
• Deepening voice/facial hair

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Sexual Functioning

• Sexual excitement may come from two sources
• Physical Stimulation
• Psychological Stimulation

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Physical Stimulation

• Physical stimulation comes through the senses
• See Hear Taste
• Smell Feel

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Psychological Stimulation

• Sexual arousal also has an important
  psychological (thought) component
• Fantasies, ideas, memories, moods

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The Sexual Response Cycle

• Two physiological mechanisms explain most
  reactions during sexual arousal
• Vasocongestion engorgement of tissue
• Myotonia increased muscle tension

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The Sexual Response Cycle

• Four phases
• Excitement Phase
• Plateau Phase
• Orgasmic Phase
• Resolution Phase

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Excitement Phase

• The penis, clitoris, and labia become engorged
  with blood
• The testes expand and are pulled upward with the
  scrotum
• The vaginal walls become moist with lubricating
  fluid

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Plateau Phase

• An extension of the excitement phase
• Reactions become more marked
• Characteristics from the excitement phase apply
  but in excessive amounts

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Orgasmic Phase

• Consist of rhythmic contractions along the penis,
  urethra, prostate, seminal vessels, and muscles
  of the pelvic area
• Contractions in the lower part of the vagina and
  uterus

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Resolution Phase

• All changes initiated during the excitement phase
  are reversed
• Excess blood drains from tissues
• Muscles in the region relax

23
Common Sexual Health Problems

• Vaginitia Inflammation of the vagina yeast
  infection
• Endometriosis Growth of endometrial tissue
  outside the uterus may cause infertility

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Sexual Health Problems

• Pelvic inflammation disease (PID)
• Infection in uterus/oviducts/ovaries
• Prostatitis Inflammation of the prostate gland
• Testicular cancer Commonly occurs in twenties
  and thirties

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Sexual Behavior

• Celibacy
• Abstention from sexual activity
• Autoeroticism
• Behavior aimed at self-stimulation
• Oral-genital stimulation
• Stimulation of the penis or female genitalia
  orally

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Sexual Behavior

• Anal Intercourse
• Penetration by the penis of finger into the anus
• Sexual intercourse
• Sexual relations involving genital union Making
  love

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Responsible Sexual Behavior

• Careful decision making
• Open, honest communication
• Agreed-upon sexual activities
• Using contraception
• Safer sex
• Taking responsibility Consequences

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Understanding Fertility

• Conception
• The fertilization of an egg from a women by a
  sperm from a man
• Infertility
• The inability to conceive after trying for a
  year of more

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Pregnancy

• Normally discussed in terms of trimesters
• Trimester
• 3 periods of about 3 months

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First Trimester

• The fetal anatomy is almost completely formed in
  the first trimester
• The brain sends out impulses and coordinates
  organ functions

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Second Trimester

• The fetus grows during the second trimester to
  about 14 inches and 2 pounds
• All body systems are operating

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Third Trimester

• During the third trimester the fetus continues to
  grow
• During this time most of the birth weight is
  gained

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Childbirth

• Labor and delivery
• The first stage of labor
• The second stage of labor
• The third stage of labor
• Cesarean Deliveries

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The first stage of labor

• Averages 13 hours for the first birth
• Contractions last about 30 seconds and occur
  every 15-20 minutes
• Bleeding may began
• Amniotic sac may rupture
• Breaking of waters

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The first stage of labor

• Transition - The last part of this stage is
  characterized by strong and frequent contractions
  60-90 sec/1-3 min apart
• The cervix opens completely allowing the head to
  pass through

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The Second stage of labor

• The second stage begins when the babys head
  enters the birth canal and ends when the baby is
  born
• Contractions aid in pushing the baby through the
  pelvis, cervix and vagina

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The Third Stage of Labor

• The third stages usually last 5-20 minutes
• Contractions continue until the placenta is
  expelled

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Cesarean Deliveries

• A delivery in which the baby is removed through a
  surgical incision in the abdominal wall and
  uterus
• About 21 of babies born in the US are delivered
  cesarean

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Postpartum

• Postpartum Period
• Period of about 3 months after
• a delivery

• Postpartum Depression
• An emotional low that may be experienced after
  childbirth

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Assignment

• Read Chapter 6
• Outside assignment
• Obtain an article relating to chapter 6