Introduction to Engineering

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Introduction to Engineering
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Engineering I

• Engineers build bridges.
• Engineers test structures by loading them to
  failure.
• Engineers design bridges for maximum strength-to
  weight ratio.
• Unfortunately, all three of these notions are
  quite wrong.

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Engineering I

• The essence of engineering is design.
• Engineering design entails the application of
  math, science, and technology to create something
  that meets a human need.
• The engineering design process is, at the same
  time, both systematic and creative.
• And the engineering design process is always
  iterative engineers must explore many different
  alternatives before they can hope to achieve an
  optimum solution.
• These are the essential characteristics of
  engineering.

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Engineering I

• Define Mathematics.
• Define Science.
• Define Technology.

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Engineering I

• What is Technology?
• Construct a definition of Technology
• What is an -ology?
• Sociology, Biology, Psychology
• So what is good working definition of the word
  Technology?

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Engineering I

• How old is technology?
• Many archaeologists, sociologists believe ONE
  technology has shaped our society to what it is
  today. Can you guess what it is?
• The plow!
• What were the societal effects of this
  technology?
• What innovations were made on it?

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Engineering I

• Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to
  solve problems.
• The Cave Man. Look at our teeth.
• 1. This is not an argument about evolution. We
  make no assumptions about the origin of man.
• 2. It is a fact that human teeth differ from
  that of strict carnivores.

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Engineering I

• In order to eat we needed to develop tools.
• Tools are the first essential element for all
  technology systems.
• These tools are made of materials (2nd)
• We name eras according to material usage
• Stone Age approx. 2,000,000 years ago.
• Bronze Age approx. 3000 BC
• Iron Age approx. 1200 BC

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Engineering I

• As discussed the Plow came about in 8,000 BC
• Importance of Agricultural Based tools
• Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels.
• The waterwheel was invented around 100BC. It was
  used primarily to grind grain for food.

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Engineering I

• Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by the
  flow of water through a sluice in a dam.
• Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to
  the original waterwheels to spin milling
  equipment for lumber.
• Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs.
• Can you see the changes these technologies made
  in the way man lived?

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Engineering I

• Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one!
• What is it made of?
• We call these materials resources.
• Natural and Man-made.
• Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable.
• What were the affects of this technology?
• How has drive-thru technology altered our
  society?
• SO NOW DEFINE TECHNOLOGY!!

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Engineering I

• Resources
• Observations of our Environment (I.e., Laws of
  Physics, etc.)
• Applied a process
• Fashioned something (an Artifact)
• To satisfy our needs

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Engineering I

• Technology defined The study of taking
  resources, applying a process to make things that
  satisfy our needs.
• Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique
  academic based body of knowledge.
• However, how do you think technology differs from
  traditional academic subjects?
• Discussion of this definition?

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Engineering I

• Technology is defined as a system having seven
  essential elements
• Capital
• Energy
• Resources/Materials
• Tools
• People
• Information
• Time

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Engineering I

• The powers that be have developed the following
  definitionlive it, love it, LEARN IT!
• Technology The generation of knowledge and
  processes to develop systems that solve problems
  and extend human capabilities.

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Engineering I

• Story time Scientists have observed monkeys in
  the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat
  Brazilia Nuts off trees. The shell is too hard
  to bite open. These monkeys have found they can
  use a rock to smash the nut on the ground to open
  it.
• According to our definition is this Technology?

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Engineering I

• All Technology can be classified into five
  general classifications
• Construction
• Transportation
• Manufacturing
• Communication
• Bio-related

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Engineering I

• Technology is a unique academic discipline that
  borrows knowledge and information from all other
  academic areas
• Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants)
• Tech and Math (The ½ gallon milk jug problem)
• Tech and Language Arts ( Technical writers)
• Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility)
• Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy)
• Tech and Music (Instruments are tools)
• Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

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Engineering I

• So know lets examine engineering.
• Engineering design entails the application of
  math, science, and technology to create something
  that meets a human need.
• Human need is central.

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Engineering I

• Egyptian Engineers
• Imhotep Engineer to King Joser
• Engineers to the Kushite Kings
• Pyramids, Dams, and Canals
• Mesopotamian Engineers
• First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern
  Mesopotamia
• Home and Wall construction
• Assyrians and iron weaponry and the four wheeled
  war machine/wagons
• Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer
  Sennacherib
• Greek Engineers
• Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians
  and Mesopotamians
• 1st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks.
• Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure
  scientist and engineer.
• Mechanical Brid that flew by compressed air.

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Engineering I

• Greek Engineers
• Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and
  Oriental people.
• Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a
  result of Hellenistic Greek.
• Roman Engineers
• Romans were also adaptive engineers building off
  others ideas.
• Most were civil engineers developing roads,
  bridges, etc.
• Made significant advances in architecture and
  everyday machinery.
• Kingdom of Anatolia Central Indirect Heating
• Discovery of Cement!
• Use of the waterwheel, trusses and the
  pendentive.

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Engineering I

• The Oriental Engineers
• Centered on religious activities.
• Indian Skills with iron works
• Arabic Skills with water clocks and waterwheels
  and the first practical windmill.
• Chinese Suspension and cable stayed bridges,
  canals and dams.
• The European Engineers
• Middle Ages was the height of invention.
• Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress
• 18th century advanced hydraulics, canal building.
• Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools
  and engineering became a defined discipline.

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Engineering I

• Engineering design entails the application of
  math, science, and technology to create something
  that meets a human need.
• Similar to Technology definition.

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Careers in Engineering

• ABET The Accreditation Board for Engineering
  and Technology.
• Engineering defined as
• The profession which the knowledge of the
  mathematical and natural sciences, gained by
  study, experience, and practice, is applied with
  judgment to develop ways to use, economically,
  the materials and forces of nature for the
  benefit of mankind.
• Using materials and forces for the good of
  humankind.

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Careers in Engineering

• Discipline A specific area practiced by an
  engineer.
• The do overlap.
• There are several sub-categories under each of
  the major headings.
• Role The jobs within the disciplines that are
  held by engineers.
• Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources,
  Sales, Financial Management
• Example Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the
  head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.

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Careers in Engineering

• Disciplines
• Aerospace the flight of all kinds of vehicles
  operating under different speeds and altitudes.
• Agricultural all systems and sciences for the
  production and processing of agricultural
  products.
• Architectural structural integrity, safety and
  aesthetic integrity of structures.
• Chemical the development of processes, and the
  design and operation of plants in which materials
  undergo chemical changes during their
  manufacture.

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Careers in Engineering

• Disciplines
• Civil All principalities of communication,
  transportation, construction, and manufacturing.
• Electrical applications of electricity ranging
  from electric light, power systems to electronic
  appliances including computer engineers.
• Industrial the production of manufacturing
  systems.
• Mechanical machines, production of power, and
  manufacturing methods.

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Careers in Engineering

• Disciplines
• Nuclear Use and management of nuclear
  technology.
• Petroleum the extraction of liquid and gaseous
  hydrocarbon products from the earth.

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Careers in Engineering

• Assignment
• Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation
• 4 slide minimum
• 5 related pictures or illustrations
• Slide one Title of your discipline, your names,
  date and school.
• Slide two Description of the engineering
  discipline.
• Slide three Educational Preparation including
  number of years, three Georgia schools offering
  the degree program, three non-Georgia schools
  offering the degree program.
• Slide four Average Georgia Income, Average US
  Income.

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Careers in Engineering

• Assignment 2
• What are your post secondary plans?
• List three jobs, tech schools, or colleges that
  will help you prepare for your future.
• Obtain an application for one of these and
  complete it.