Research Lecture ctd'

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Research Lecture ctd.
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Biases and other Problems

• Inadequate sample size, Insignificant results (4
  heads on 4 coin tosses)
• Selection Bias, random sample and random
  assignment
• Placebo Effect

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More Biases and Other Problems

• Hindsight Bias
• Experiementer Bias, double blind procedure,
  multiple observers, replication
• Wording Effect, publishing and critiquing,
  standardization
• Moderating variables, additional studies

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Three Kinds of Research

• Experimental
• Correlational
• Descriptive

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Experimental Research

• Does one thing cause the other?
• Must have control of environment.
• manipulation of one variable (indep), measurement
  of other variable (dep)
• Harlows Monkey Studies

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Correlational

• Do two things vary together? (different
  statistics than an experiment)
• Survey, Questionnaire

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Descriptive

• Case studies theories formed for treatment of
  an individual
• Qualitative Research, Interview
• Assessment
• Naturalistic Observation

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Where we are going

• Biological
• Neuroscience, hormones, brain chemistry,
  evolution
• Behavioral/Learning
• Conditioning and Social Learning
• Cognitive
• Information Systems Model
• Thoughts and beliefs
• Emotional
• Psychodynamic
• Social
• Group Behavior, roles, relationships, values
• Other
• Humanist/Existentialist
• Feminist

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Some Multidimensional Models

• Cognitive Biological Piaget
• Cognitive Behavioral CBT, REBT, thoughts
  precede action and emotion
• Social Cognitive Bandura, social constructivism
  and Sociocultural
• Biology Behavior - behavior genetics,
• Development
• Personality/Traits