CECS 694

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LOOKING INSIDE THE FUTURE OF NANOWORLD

• CECS 694
• BY-ANAND TIWARI

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INTRODUCTION

• An attempt is being made here to introduce a
  subject in a
• simple thought provoking manner and right
  perspective . This
• approach may kindle or simulate the interest in
  many of you
• to look at the subject more seriously.

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NANOTECHNOLOY

• Nanotechnology is a hybrid science combining
  engineering and chemistry. Atoms and molecules
  stick together because they have complementary
  shapes that lock together, or charges that
  attract. Just like with magnets, a positively
  charged atom will stick to a negatively charged
  atom. As millions of these atoms are pieced
  together by nanomachines, a specific product will
  begin to take shape. The goal of nanotechnology
  is to manipulate atoms individually and place
  them in a pattern to produce a desired structure.

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HISTORY

• Nanotechnology first gained recognition after
  Nobel Laureate, Richard Feynman, presented his
  talk, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" to
  the American Physical Society in 1959 . The next
  major milestone was when Rice University
  Professor Richard Smalley won the 1996 Nobel
  Prize for discovering a new form of carbon a
  molecule of sixty carbon atoms (referred to as
  C60).

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BUCKMINSTER FULLERENE

• In 1985 chemists at Rice University in Houston,
  Texas, led by Richard E. Smalley, discovered they
  could make perfectly round carbon molecules
  consisting of 60 carbon atoms.

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NANO FOR SATELLITES

• As a reaction to the reductions of budgets in the
  1990s,the space industry focused on smaller,
  lighter more intelligent space systems that will
  achieve reduced total mission costs and more
  payloads .smaller satellites are becoming common
  now a days thanks to Nanotechnology.
• Besides reducing their size ,weight and power
  consumption ,the use of micro machined devices
  could give better component integration in areas
  such as propulsion, communication
  ,dataprocessing,power generation and navigation.

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ANTS

• ANTS is an acronym for Autonomous Nano-Technology
  Swarm. ANTS technology builds on and advances
  recent trends in robotics, artificial
  intelligence, and materials processing to
  minimize costs and maximize effectiveness of
  space operations.
• In this mission thousands of picospacecraft
  (lt1KG) each weighing less than 3 pounds will work
  cooperatively to explore the asteroid belt .some
  spacecraft will form teams to catalog asteroid
  properties ,such as mass,density,chemical
  composition using their miniature nanoscale
  instruments.

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(No Transcript)
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TEAM AUTONOMIC PROPERTIES

• self-configuring, able to adapt to changes in the
  system.
• self-optimizing, able to improve performance.
• self-healing, able to recover from errors or
  damage.
• self-protecting, able to anticipate and handle
  threats.

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AUTONOMIC PROPERTIES

• This scenario clearly demonstrates, teams must
  have nearly total autonomy. The missions nature
  will be constantly changing. More important, high
  latencythe delay due to signal propagation
  overlarge distances between Earth and the teams
  locationas well as low bandwidth of
  communications to Earth will limit the
  availability and timeliness of information
  transfer between Earth and the mission.

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The Challenge Of Building Autonomous Software

• For software and systems development, this is
  uncharted territory that calls for revolutionary
  techniques.
• Developing the software for the ANTS mission will
  be monumentally complicated. The total autonomy
  requirement means the software will likely be
  based on a heuristic approach that accommodates
  the swarms social structure. Artificial-intellige
  nce technologies, such as genetic algorithms,
  neural nets, fuzzy logic, and on-board planners,
  are candidate solutions.

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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT WISH LIST

• Use which Programming techniques and tools ??
• Verification.
• To propose a solution for team data gathering
  within the swarm.
• To do efficient network programming to ensure
  communication between Pico space crafts and earth
  stations.
• To develop a onboard messenger program for
  communication between leader and workers.

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CONCLUSION

• Although much of this work might seem
  daunting or even far-fetched to some, technology
  is evolving to meet the challenges. The reward
  for hard-fought research will be a new level of
  complex software systems for use not only in
  space exploration but also in a variety of
  commercial and military applications.

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QUESTIONS??