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Title: Community Participation,


1
  • Community Participation,
  • Civic Capacity Neighborhood Identity
  • Findings from Focus Groups and Written
    Elicitations

ANDRESS Associates, LLC Bridging the Health Gap
April 3, 2008 Commissioned by The Center for
Health Equity, Louisville Metro Department of
Public Health Wellness
2
PURPOSE OF COMMISSION
  • A social marketing campaign
  • Increase the community participation of West
    Louisville residents by ..
  • Reducing the barriers and,
  • Highlighting the benefits according to
  • The specific needs, values, beliefs, practices
    and interests of the residents.

3
Investigative Framework
  • To improve health and reduce health inequities
    requires changes in public policy and the
    arrangements in society that support inequality.
  • If residents of the City State, Nation
    understand and support policy goals, change and
    progress are more likely.
  • To change policies and societal arrangements that
    support inequality communities must have the
    capacity to engage civically.
  • We currently have group differences in the civic
    capacity of some communities and sectors, i.e.,
    corporations, high income vs. low income
    communities, etc.
  • How does neighborhood identity shape civic
    capacity?
  • How does neighborhood identity shape policy
    responses?
  • How do we rectify imbalances in civic
    participation and civic power?

4
How Does this Affect Health?
5
Policies that Reduce Availability of Affordable
Quality Housing
Policies that Reduce Availability of Financial
Resources
Government Policies
Stress Associated With Income and Housing
Insecurity
Direct Material Effects of Income
Direct Material Effects of Poor Quality Housing
Health Status Increased Morbidity and Mortality
6
Strategy and Research
  • Part One
  • Exploring current landscape of public
    understanding (focus groups, written
    elicitations)
  • Part Two
  • Message development (new lenses on the issue -
    explanations in particular)
  • Message testing - evaluating effectiveness
    (online, and in-person

7
METHODS
  • Focus groups
  • Six groups
  • 2 hours
  • Incentive 50
  • Videotaped, audio taped, transcript
  • Pre-Screened
  • Focus Group questionnaire
  • Written elicitations
  • Looking for shared thinking patterns, e.g.
  • Links between topics
  • Topics that are not thought about
  • Ideas that seem important
  • Differences between how we want people to think
    and what they think

8
FORMAT SUBJECTS
  • 1 group of young adults
  • Ages 18-24 African American
  • 1 group from Northeast Christian
  • Adults
  • 1 group from St. Stephens
  • Adults
  • 1 group of adults from Portland
  • White
  • 2 groups of adults from W. Louisville
  • African American
  • Low income
  • Middle income
  • Homeowners 8
  • Low Income 7
  • N.E. Christian 6
  • Portland 5
  • St. Stephens 6
  • Youth 18-24 3

9
SUBJECTS
  • Home ownership
  • Own 19
  • Homeless 1
  • Rent 13
  • Unknown 2
  • Race
  • African American 25
  • White 9
  • Hispanic 1
  • Ages
  • 18-24 three
  • 30-50 fourteen
  • gt 50 eighteen
  • Gender
  • Female 19
  • Male 16

10
SUBJECTS
  • Income
  • gt 75 3
  • 50-75 4
  • 35-50 6
  • 10-15 2
  • 15-20 2
  • 20-25 4
  • 25-35 6
  • Education Levels
  • College graduate 6
  • Graduate degree 5
  • High school 15
  • Professional degree 1
  • Some college 6
  • Unknown 2

11
Neighborhood identity People, time and
placeDouglas Robertson, James Smyth and Ian
McIntosh
  • A study of how neighborhood identity is formed
    and the implications this may have for area
    renewal policies
  • published by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • March 12, 2008
  • http//www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/housing/2
    188.asp

12
Neighborhood IdentityResearch Questions
  • How is neighborhood identity formed?
  • the implications for policies that seek to
    improve and enhance neighborhoods and communities
  • Why do revitalization policies often fail in
    their objectives?
  • Do the reputations of communities 'good' and
    'bad' persist or change over time?
  • How are these reputations established and
    understood by those from within and outside
    particular places and what implications this has
    for the identities of neighborhoods and the
    individuals who live in them?
  • Do the most inspirational neighborhoods have a
    community focus or sense of community among its
    residents?
  • As people get richer, they move into a more
    individualized settings places where community
    is largely absent.
  • The social networks and connections of these
    residents link to a much wider social world, not
    merely the local neighborhood.

13
Neighborhood IdentityFindings
  • Neighborhood identity is established at a very
    early stage of each neighborhood's history, and
    is resilient to change.
  • Identities are underpinned by social class and
    status which is sometimes based on historic
    male employment patterns as well as physical
    characteristics, including housing style, type
    and tenure.
  • External perceptions of a neighborhood's identity
    were often stronger and more of a caricature than
    those held by people who lived there.
  • Family networks, friends and neighbors were given
    differing degrees of importance in people's
    notions of what created a sense of community.
    However, their presence helped sustain a sense of
    community and people's own sense of involvement
    within that community.
  • Community was constructed through familiar,
    everyday social interactions within various
    localized settings, which were often enough to
    give people a powerful sense of attachment and
    belonging.
  • In each neighborhood, respondents interviewed for
    the study suggested notions of community were
    declining in response to ever-increasing
    individualism.

14
There is evidence of internal differentiation in
each neighborhood
  • Moderator Does everybody live in west
    Louisville, or does someone live outside of west
    Louisville?
  • Kf Shively.
  • Moderator Is that part of west Louisville?
  • Kf I feel like it is.
  • Km I'm considered west Louisville.
  • Moderator Okay, good.
  • Kf It's not in the zip code. I put yes on here.
  • Moderator But west Louisville has several
    different zip codes.
  • Kf They do.
  • Moderator P. what are you thinking?
  • Kf You're going by neighborhoods, right?
  • Moderator Yeah.
  • Kf Okay, this is the Portland neighborhood.
  • Km When you say west Louisville, it encompasses
    everything west of 16th Street and I would say
    from at least Broadway north.
  • Km Maybe farther south than Broadway.
  • Moderator Yeah.

15
There is evidence of internal differentiation in
each neighborhood .
  • Kf I thought it was Market.
  • Km That's Portland. Portland, I consider 16th
    to 35th, Market Street to the river.
  • Kf Right.
  • Km But those boundaries are in question.
  • Moderator So the comments that you made
    earlier, were they specific to Portland or to
    west Louisville?
  • Km West Louisville mine was.
  • Kf For me it's to west Louisville.
  • Moderator Okay.
  • Kf But I'm saying there is -- like you brought
    up the boundaries or somebody did.
  • Kf Well, west Louisville is home to me and part
    of Portland, to me, is west Louisville. So I'm
    claiming loyalty and ownership for both, but
    since I worked in Portland, I live so close to
    Portland I have a sense of being part of both.
  • Km I went to school at Shawnee.
  • Kf Did you?
  • Km So I have the same feeling -- 43rd and
    Market.
  • Kf And I worked at J.B. Atkinson . . .
  • Kf . . .and a lot of parents and a lot of the
    children going to Portland Plaza and been there
    with some of the people there, so I feel close to
    many people there as well. But I know there are
    people in the Portland area that feel more
    loyalty to Portland and don't feel themselves
    necessarily a part of the bigger part of west
    Louisville.

16
Neighborhood identity is established at a very
early stage of each neighborhood's history, and
is resilient to change.
  • Kf Some consider the quality of the
    homes. They base it on what they've seen in the
    past, as far as what the houses and apartments or
    whatever used to look like and the way they used
    to be treated.
  • Moderator P. how do you feel about Portland?
  • Kf I've only been here 5 years. I married into
    Portland.
  • Moderator Somewhere else in Louisville before
    that?
  • Kf Yes, over on the east side.
  • Kf It's a big change.
  • Moderator . in what way?
  • Kf Economically, services -- on and on and on..
  • Kf Just totally the look.
  • Moderator . . .more, less, better, worse,
    higher, lower?
  • Kf Lower.
  • Moderator Okay. Fewer service.
  • Kf I hate to say slam.
  • Km It's not a slam it's honesty. That's just
    being honest.
  • Kf That's true.
  • Moderator So fewer services.
  • Kf It's cleaner over on the other side too.
  • Km It seems to matter more to the city officials
    that the east end is. .
  • Kf Clean.

17
Neighborhood identity is established at a very
early stage of each neighborhood's history, and
is resilient to change.
  • Moderator Do you think the people in Portland
    see themselves as a tightly knit community
    separate from west Louisville?
  • Kf Yes.
  • Kf I think so.
  • Kf I think so.
  • Moderator Why is that?
  • Kf I think it has something to do with the
    history.
  • Kf It was its own township.
  • Kf Because it was here before Louisville.
  • Kf Right.

18
Neighborhood identity is established at a very
early stage
  • Kf And it has a strong historical -- I mean
    because of a strong history of being the town
    that grew up on the river and it was here first.
    And if you look into its history, I think it
    maintains that it is a town in itself. That's
    some of what I think it's about.
  • Kf I think the original name was Portland town
    or Portland township.
  • Kf It was it's own place.
  • Km It was a township.
  • Kf Right. It was its own. . .
  • Km It was annexed in 1802 by the city of
    Louisville.
  • Kf Right.
  • Kf And the people I've come to know and the
    families I've come to know have a certain pride
    about that and a sense of loyalty about that.
    They have a museum and everything. . .
  • Kf Newspaper.
  • Kf Yes, their own newspaper.
  • Km It's the oldest neighborhood newspaper in the
    country.

19
Let's start out with a really simple question
about what you like about west Louisville. What
do you find attractive about it. Simply why do
you live and stay here?
  • Identities are underpinned by physical
    characteristics, including housing style, type
    and tenure.
  • Family networks, friends and neighbors were given
    differing degrees of importance in people's
    notions of what created a sense of community.
  • But their presence helps sustain a sense of
    community and people's own sense of involvement
    within that community.
  • Community was constructed through familiar,
    everyday social interactions within various
    localized settings, which were often enough to
    give people a powerful sense of attachment and
    belonging.

20
Physical characteristics, including housing
style, type and tenure, Family networks, friends
and neighbors, Community was constructed
through familiar, everyday social interactions
  • Kf I like the homes. It's the older homes, the
    style. It's a lot of character in west
    Louisville. .. It's what I remember as a child
    growing up .
  • Kf I mean it's a beautiful area. I love the big
    homes in this area. I love the yard, the land
    around it. The bus routes are beautiful. You
    walk out the door and bang, you're on a bus .
    That's it. Everything else is well convenient to
    me.
  • Km Being born here, growing up in west
    Louisville, met a girl in west Louisville.
    Raised my kids in west Louisville.

21
Physical characteristics, including housing
style, type and tenure, Family networks, friends
and neighbors, Community was constructed
through familiar, everyday social interactions
  • Kf I told you I live(d) in Fern Creek. It's just
    so different out there. I went to visit a friend
    and we sat down and started talking. It was
    daylight when I went over. I stayed a long, long
    time. When I got home, my apartment had been
    closed up my lights was off. I had a bird in
    the cage outside. He was in there. One of my
    neighbors watches everything. They felt that I
    had fallen down because they knocked on my door
    to tell me it's time to take the bird in because
    it was getting kind of cool. Then because I
    didn't answer, they called the police. The
    police were at my house to see if I had fallen or
    anything had happened. They took care of my
    house. They shut the doors they turned off the
    lights, and took the bird in and put it in. That
    wouldn't have happened in the west end.
  • Kf What I'm trying to say like in Fern Creek --
    in the west end people are closer knit. They
    talk to each other they communicate with each
    other. In Fern Creek, they're not going to come
    to your house and sit every day and watch TV and
    inaudible this and that. You know they are
    going to speak to you on the way in, speak to you
    on the way out. But if anything goes wrong, they
    know who belongs in your household. They know
    and that's the way they take care of you. But in
    the west end, it's like everybody is a family.
    You can come to my house I can go to your house.
    We take care of each other like that, but
    they're not -- as far as if I was sick or
    something, maybe somebody would say well, her
    boyfriend be there pretty soon. Well just wait.
    Don't go in there. They wouldn't have came like
    they did right johnny on the spot to see what's
    going on.

22
Physical characteristics, including housing
style, type and tenure, Family networks, friends
and neighbors, Community was constructed
through familiar, everyday social interactions
  • Moderator That must mean you like it a lot. Can
    you say why?
  • Km That's all I know.
  • Km . . .and church is west Louisville.
  • Kf You can't find a better place. I know with my
    daughter, they lived out in Chamber Lane, way
    out Jefferson inaudible way out there. When
    they go on vacation I will go out there and
    watch the kids. Yet, I'd have to come into work
    every day. I hated it. The traffic, getting
    back and forth ...
  • Km I think there is probably a certain
    degree of socialization, too, because as A. was
    saying it is the comfort. I obviously turn to
    birds of a feather, you know. If you live in
    the west end he lives in the west end. They
    look like me. I want to be where other people
    look like me.

23
Identities are underpinned by social class and
status which is sometimes based on historic
male employment patterns physical characteristics
  • Moderator Anybody else about why people won't
    come out and participate?
  • Km I'd like to offer that if you are going to
    have participation, you need strong support
    within. -- I'm not being chauvinistic but you
    have to have strong males in your community who
    have some representation over and beyond not just
    living in a community -- where they're going to
    come and speak out. Because people will look and
    say okay, here's men and women, not just women,
    not just children but you've got a collection.
    You've got men and women, which is a strong
    representation, and from that you can build. The
    situation in west Louisville is, and I found this
    through canvassing during election -- and I
    talked with a number of men. They couldn't vote.
    They said brother, I wish I could vote, but I'm
    a convicted felon. So without having proper
    statistics I can see a number of men in west
    Louisville have records, or they may have
    something else. They may want to keep a low
    profile.

24
Identities are underpinned by social class and
status which is sometimes based on historic
male employment patterns physical characteristics
  • Km Sometimes the members of the community can't
    help what happens. Where I grew up -- since that
    time, since I've been away all the industries
    have moved out, and the complete town has
    deteriorated to the point that I don't want to go
    there. It makes me sick to see that nice house I
    lived in with the gutters falling down and
    unpainted, and the roof is still the same roof it
    was 65 years ago. The industries all moved out
    and the people there really had no say about if
    they wanted us to continue to live there. White
    male

25
External perceptions of a neighborhood's identity
were often stronger and more of a caricature than
those held by people who lived there.
  • Moderator What do you think people who are
    outside of west Louisville think about this
    part of this city?
  • Kf I think they think it is violent, because I
    have some friends that are Haitians. They drive
    cabs and they are scared to come down here to
    west Louisville.
  • Kf I don't see where it is no worser than
    anywhere else.
  • Km .if something happens in Shively, but you
    say you live in west Louisville -- but if
    something happens out in Shively, they are going
    to say west Louisville. If something happens
    over in Portland, they are going to say west
    Louisville. If something happens at Jewish
    Hospital, that area up there, they are going to
    say west Louisville. That far up is east end.
  • Km I think it goes back to the fact, Custer
    would have been great if the Indians told the
    story. But it depends on what . . .
  • Kf Who is telling the story.
  • Kf We're not represented to the media. We're
    not really represented.

26
Neighborhood Identity Policy
  • Kf Planes flying over west Louisville and we had
    the greatest turn out when we had a neighborhood
    meeting about it. We had the greatest turn out
    of all the places that they went in Louisville
    and we still did that. So you feel just like
    when you have an interstate or a freeway, that
    the lower income neighborhoods no matter what
    they say, they're going to do what they're going
    to do. But the rich suburban neighborhoods, if
    they raise up a stink, then yeah they'll go
    around them and leave them alone.
  • Km People feel because it's the west end it
    ain't going to change because it's where we live
    at they already have stereotyped us as where all
    the crime is. It ain't going to change. Even if
    I participate, ain't nothing going to happen.
    I do remember about a year or two ago when there
    was a big issue about pot holes in the city and
    getting them fixed. They were showing how the
    mayor was fixing pot holes, but he was fixing
    them out in the county. There was nothing down
    here getting fixed. It's still the same.
  • Kf Cleaning the streets when there is all that
    snow. Snowbound. Couldn't even get out.
  • Km Make it look like there is something big
    happening, but again it's the west end. It
    doesn't matter. The pot holes down there ain't
    the same.

27
Goals Civic Engagement
  • Mobilize residents to become civically engaged
  • Identify issues
  • Examine issues
  • Ask questions
  • Organize
  • Take action
  • Be responsible for what they can control

28
Our Desire Community Participation
  • Increased capacity to
  • Make choices
  • Transform those choices into desired actions and
    outcomes
  • Build individual and collective assets
  • Improve the efficiency and fairness of the
    organizational and institutional context that
    controls the use of these assets(4)
  • Participate in, negotiate with, influence,
    control, and hold accountable institutions that
    affect their lives (5).

Community Participation
4) What is empowerment? The World Bank, 2005,
(http//web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/E
XTPOVERTY/EXTEMPOWERMENT/0, content accessed 30
November 2005). 5) Narayan D. Empowerment and
poverty reduction a sourcebook. Washington,
World Bank, 2002.
29
Actual Interpretation Community Participation
People assume a different meaning Acts of Charity
Community Participation
DO IT OURSELVES
30
A Limited Lens
Community Participation
Church Repayment-Giving Back Community
Service Do It Ourselves
Kf Working together and using each other for
support instead of having to go outside of our
area.We can come together. Kf ..keeping the
streets cleaned together and looking out for the
senior citizens. Make sure nobody goes hungry
in your area. Stuff like that. Kf They
volunteer in little soup kitchens that they have
around here. Give the church members a little
break. Check in on other people. Check in on
other people who live alone. Km Mine is really
more about church participation. If it wasnt
for my church, I dont think Id probably do too
much socializing. Km I do pretty much what my
father used to do. He was a career Army man and
when he was in the community he was a father to a
lot of boys who didnt have fathers. He insisted
on people doing the right thing.
31
A Limited Lens
Community Participation
Do it Yourself Church Giving Back Community
Service
Kf Really looking to see what the needs are and
the others around you. Kf And then doing what
you can to help your neighbor. I think we're
just all quick to go well, somebody should do
something about that. Kf Well, the only thing I
think is that my participation as far as
community would be through the church. Kf My
community we do have a block watch and we meet
every first Thursday of each month and it does
entail what goes around in our surrounding area
and beyond..we are our own eyes because the
policemen cant see and do everything.. if we
see crime we report it. You can remain
anonymous. Km The issue that would make me
turn out is getting more control over these
police officers, especially the white ones.
Note Issue vs. Service
32
A Limited Lens
Community Participation
Do it Yourself Community Service Church Give
Back
Kf Being on Portland Now doing other
activities your neighborhood house, library, the
Portland festival, on and on and on. Kf I see
community involvement where you have people
connecting with other people, networking,
internet connecting and just helping each other
to fulfill the needs of the community Km It's
just doing it, you know, and holding ourselves
accountable. If everyone is accountable for
their own family and their own well-being, it
serves to provide a strong base. We're just not
accountable as a whole. If you don't want to
raise you kids, you can just drop them off at the
neighborhood house, or you can drop them off at
one of these social services... Kf My
community participation looks like nothing, but
it was spent in lots of years in the classroom
and working with children that were non-readers,
and working as a volunteer at Plymouth Community
House.
33
Opportunities
Community Participation
Civic Activism
Q Is there a difference between acts of charity
and assistance and organizing to address an
issue? Km I'd say it's the same. Km I would
say the same. You're active. Km If you asked me
what an activist was I would say it would be an
initiator as opposed to a follower. Km Community
participation, if I asked you to vote and you
vote, you participated. If you're an activist,
you'd probably ask me to vote. You initiate it.

34
Opportunities
Civic Activism
Community Participation
Kf I think it's ongoing with the -- it's
ongoing. You're constantly doing it. But if you
are just participating, it is just because
something is flying through right now and you're
going to do it and go on about your way. Versus
this is what you breathe this is what you live
for this is something that you truly . .
. Kf Have a passion. Kf Exactly. Have a
passion for. Kf I think it is a cross between
both. Km It sounds like to me that in one sense
people are being given things or being offered
things are being helped. In another sense,
people are helping themselves. They're taking
some type of incentive to stand up and create
their own type of structure or representation.
That's what I see from that. Conservative
African-American woman, age 44
35
Opportunities
Community Participation
Civic Activism
Km Activism, I think, is something that is
pro-active. Going forward to do something rather
than just participating. We all are
participating here but are there any activists
here? Activism is an act of doing something a
little above and beyond. Kf I think it's more
like doing something about what you are talking
about. People can talk but it's not going to
work. inaudible go hit on his door. Kf Acting
out. Kf I don't think you can be called an
activist unless you are engaging the political
system. You have to engage them and so I believe
--- community participation, I think, is the big
umbrella and under that is activism where the
people who are really political go to
town. Km Yes. Activism means -- coming from a
philosophical base, I believe that we ought to
have good schools. I believe we ought to have
garbage pickup on a regular basis and alleys
ought to be clean. An activist like the ACORN
organization, they're an activist organization.
They challenge the establishment and they take
action steps to get things done. That's
activism. Just like in the 60s when everybody was
protesting and moving the system toward a certain
goal. That's activism. Community participation
is Block Watch and keeping the neighborhood
clean, and benign stuff that is good for
everybody.
36
Do It Yourself- Community Service Where does it
come from?
  • American emphasis on Individualism, Personal
    Responsibility
  • Asking Government to perform be accountable- is
    equated with depending on government.
  • My thing with community participation is most of
    us don't. I mean most of us don't serve our
    neighbor or serve the people in the our
    community. If we would do that, we wouldn't need
    as many government policies and regulations to
    take care of that. We're all created to serve
    one another and if we did that, we wouldn't need
    -- I think we've created a society of people
    looking for the government or somebody else to
    take care of their needs, instead of coming
    together as a community and doing that within.
    Older white male
  • We can't just sit around waiting for government
    to solve some of these intractable social
    problems that we've had for years. Government has
    a role to play. It is time for all of us to live
    up more fully to the concept of citizenship. And
    for those of us who as citizens of this nation
    have been blessed with treasure, and wealth, and
    good position, and comfortable homes, and all the
    blessings of this land, to be a good citizen, to
    be a big citizen, requires you to do more in the
    way of sharing with those who are in need. So
    that a family that has three wonderful children
    ought to try to see if they could find three
    hours a week to share that life with a kid in
    need who doesn't have a mentor, who doesn't get
    to play in Little League and do the other things
    that we take for granted. Somebody in that family
    who might go tutor a school on an afternoon off
    from a job, and we're encouraging corporations to
    give them that afternoon off. And so that's what
    we mean by big citizenship. Colin Powell

37
Do It Yourself- Community Service Where does it
come from?
  • Km I've been 7 or 8 times to New Orleans since
    Katrina hit, and the communities that the people
    in that community that get active and actively
    pursue building their community back are back and
    flourishing well. The people that are just
    sitting back on their laurels waiting for
    somebody to take care of it for them, are still
    in the same shape, pretty much, as when the
    hurricane hit. And it's the same thing in our
    area. I don't care what part of the city you go
    to, people that are actively participating and
    getting out there -- somebody will come along
    beside them and they'll make an effort, in my
    opinion. That's just my opinion. And I see that
    in about everything that I try to do.
  • Moderator Okay. What's the difference between
    communities that are active, they participate and
    communities that don't?
  • Kf I think when you have a community that cares,
    the people are observant of what is going on
    around and noticing things whereas if you've got
    a community that just kind of stays to themselves
    and doesn't care about what their neighbor is
    doing. If you've got a neighbor that can't just
    something as simple as paint the outside of their
    house, then their house starts not looking as
    nice. And if you've got a community that cares,
    people can chip in and help.

38
Right Choices in the News
  • Media tells the story through choice of
    stories, language, images, etc
  • Rugged independence stories
  • Disasters
  • Katrina vs. California Fires
  • GetKarma.org
  • The universal system of checks and balances- what
    goes around comes around..
  • The Ad Council launched the Get Good Karma
    campaign in April 2007 with the Federal Voting
    Assistance Program.
  • Targets 18-24 year olds- the largest non voting
    segment in the U.S.
  • Help your neighbor, country, world
  • Smallest efforts can have far reaching
    effects-volunteering, registering to vote

39
Opportunities
  • Approaches with the potential to bring about a
    shift in thinking..
  • Civic Engagement
  • Civic Organizing
  • Civic Activism
  • Civic Accountability

40
Recommendations So Far
  • Dont over do community participation frame
  • Need an ongoing effort both the campaign and
    opportunities for action
  • Need a new message
  • Civics.
  • Self interest
  • Passion
  • Demonstrate victories with the civic activism

41
Recommendations So Far
  • Target different groups differently
  • Youth-
  • Start early-grade school
  • Fear of standing out
  • External audiences- history policy connection
  • Adults internal
  • Spokespeople--Local, recognizable not necessarily
    well known
  • Different communications methods
  • Texting, my space, internet
  • Billboards

42
Next Steps
  • Test New Narratives
  • Create Campaign
  • Evaluate
  • Message Development
  • Message Testing

43
ANDRESS Associates, LLC Bridging the Health
Gap www.bridgingthehealthgap.com
44
Focus Group Questions
  • What do you like most about W. Louisville and
    why?
  • What do you like least about w. Louisville and
    why?
  • What do you think people outside W. Louisville
    think about this part of town and why do they
    think that?
  • What do you think community participation means?
  • Is advocacy different from community
    participation?
  • Is activism different or the same?
  • What do people who participate in their community
    do? Probe examples a block watch, voting,
    attending a school meeting, trash pick-up.
  • Have you ever been asked to get involved in the
    community? By whom and for what?
  • Can participating make a difference? How? Any
    examples? probing internalized racism and
    powerlessness
  • Why do you think people participate in their
    community? What kinds of people participate in
    their community? Describe their characteristics.
  • Have you ever decided to participate or not to
    participate in some community action? Why did you
    participate or not participate?
  • When you look back on the times you decided not
    to participate in a community issue, activity,
    meeting, or project what were the consequences?
  • What would make you participate in a community
    effort? Probe systems such as neighborhood
    meetings, church based meetings, government or
    university projects Is it who does the inviting
    and relationships?, locations, what days and the
    time of day convenience?, certain issues like
    violence, liquor stores, etc self- interests.
  • How is community participation different or the
    same for people in west Louisville in comparison
    to other parts of the city or county? Why?
  • Who would make good spokespeople for a campaign
    to increase community participation in west
    Louisville? Who would people pay attention to
    and believe?

45
Building Civic Capacity, Engagement, and Action
46
Civic Capacity Building
  • Strengthens the ability of community
    organizations and groups
  • Build their knowledge, structures, systems,
    people and skills so they are better able to
    define and achieve their objectives
  • Training, education, resource identification and
    resource building, organizational and personal
    development
  • Promotes sustainability and strengthens internal
    and external -bridging and linking social capital

47
MEASURING CIVIC CAPACITY
  • Political Efficacy
  • Social Cohesion
  • Social Capital
  • Collective Self Efficacy

48
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49
What are We Dealing With?
  • Many of the inequalities in health- are due to
    inequalities in the social conditions in which
    people live and work.
  • Valentine, et. al, PloS Medicine 2006 3(6)
    e106. TH commission on the Social Determinants of
    Health
  • Tackling these conditions- social determinants
    health- underlying causes of poor health can
    contribute to improving health and health equity.

50
Central Questions?
  • Why are you civically active?
  • Why are you not civically active?
  • What is your view of west Louisville?
  • What issues concern you?
  • Parameters for this discussion
  • Local economy
  • Neighborhoods
  • Your family
  • Jobs, wages
  • Educational opportunities

51
What Ideas or Theories Do We Want To Explore?
  • What are their views of West Louisville?
  • What Issues concern them?
  • Why do they participate or not participate?

52
Why Do Individuals Elect Not To Participate?
  • Because They Cant
  • Legal restrictions
  • Intimidation, fear, road blocks
  • System makes participation/voting difficult
  • Internalized powerlessness or racism
  • Because They Dont Want to
  • Will this do any good?
  • Is this effective in achieving economic or
    non-economic benefits?
  • Self-interest
  • Is there a perceived benefit?
  • Can I trust the people in power?
  • Attitude influences participation
  • Because Nobody Asked
  • Mobilization Theory- participation is based on
    contextual cues and political opportunities in
    the environment of the individual- media
    messages, campaign spending, conversations with
    friends/neighbors, etc.
  • Participation influences political attitude,
    efficacy, and sophistication
  • Mobilization mediates the effects of SES and
    attitudes on participation.
  • Mobilization accounts for approximately half of
    the decline in voter turnout since 1960.

Sidney Verba, Kay L. Schlozman, Henry Brady and
Norman Nie, Resources and Political
Participation, paper prepared for the 1991
annual meetings of the American Political Science
Association
53
Expected Outcomes
  • A report
  • How people in west Louisville think about civic
    participation in comparison to..
  • A look at the issues that concern them
  • How they think about west Louisville  
  • Recommended messages and activities
  • Preliminary ideas for a communication strategy
  • Preliminary ideas for evaluation
  • Be prepared to grow, change, and make midcourse
    corrections based on our observations. 

54
RecruitmentHow Who?
  • 1 group of young adults
  • Ages 18-24 African American
  • 1 group of adults from Portland
  • White
  • 2 groups of adults from W. Louisville
  • African American
  • Low income
  • Middle income

55
Deliberation
  • An exchange of views
  • What is my position and experience on this?
  • Jointly digesting and reflecting on information,
    facts
  • Dialogue
  • Reflect on common good
  • Offer reasons why others should change their
    minds
  • May be unable to find a common position
  • Only if worldviews are incompatible
  • And reasonable

56
THEORY
Old Theory SES Model
Attitudes
Behavior
Political Action
Resources-time, money, skills
New Theory and Ideas Mobilization Model
  • The quality and type of participation affects
    another kind of participation
  • SES still affects action behaviors but we now
    know that .

Participation
Political Attitudes Efficacy
Mobilization
  • Mobilization mediates the effects of SES and
    attitudes on participation.
  • Mobilization accounts for approximately half of
    the decline in voter turnout since 1960.

57
THEORY (contd)
Deliberative Discussions
Civic Engagement
Participation
A Voice
Agency
Both externally and internally driven
Attitudes, resources time, money skills-
mobilization, informal political discussion,
etc.
Not simply voting consider context, kinds of
actions, over what period of time and
constraints.may be organizing, mobilizing for
collective action
Leighley, J. Attitudes, Opportunities and
Incentives A Field Essay on Political
Participation, Political Research Quarterly, Vol.
48, No. 1 Mar. 1995, 181-209.
58
Building Civic Capacity
  • Teach and demonstrate the importance of
    democratic practices at the community level
  • Premise people--citizens of their own
    communities, can and must be the driving force
    and the principal agents of change for social
    justice and democratic practices
  • Method
  • Format Issue-driven
  • Basis Social change discourse deliberation
  • Community Dialogues- meetings, selected readings,
    deliberation, critical thinking, scenario driven
    role-playing
  • Evaluation- longitudinal, data-driven, with a
    control group maybe to measure social change
    practices, actions, and participation

59
Civic Capacity Building
  • Community competence
  • Confront its own problems
  • Strengthens the ability of community
    organizations and groups
  • Build their knowledge, structures, systems,
    people and skills so they are better able to
    define and achieve their objectives
  • Training, education, resource identification and
    resource building, organizational and personal
    development
  • Promotes sustainability and strengthens social
    capital

60
Social Capital As a Process Towards Community
Practice
  • Connections among individuals, other communities,
    the government
  • Intercommunity
  • Intra-community
  • structural
  • cognitive
  • One person may possess social capital but it
    doesnt take place unless there is more than one
    person.
  • Channels of communication with a large number of
    people both inside and outside a community.

61
Connect the Dots
Down Stream--------------------------Up Stream
Do We Care About What They Care About?
Diabetes Obesity Lung Cancer Infant Mortality
Relationships
A Message Behavioral Risk Factors Lifestyle
Self-Interests
Public Policy Process
Structural Change
62
Rational Public Policy Process
  • Problem Identification
  • Gain Agenda Status
  • Policy Formulation, adoption, funding
  • Policy Implementation
  • Policy Evaluation Adjustment, Termination

63
Goals, Objectives Theory
  • To increase civic engagement collective action
    and mobilization- at the community level through
    the use of dialogue, deliberation, and action.
  • Redefine the factors that determine civic
    participation- attitudes, SES.
  • Broaden the outcomes of civic engagement beyond
    simply voting.
  • Motivate citizens to engage in dialogue, group
    will-making and collective action resulting in
    social change.
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