FROM SMALL TO LARGE SCAL

1
FROM SMALL TO LARGE SCALE
PRODUCTION
2
Our goal is to make large enough amounts of
biodiesel to power our cars.
3
Car rally of biodiesel powered vehicles.
4
Biodiesel/electric hybrid car built by high
school students.
5
(No Transcript)
6
200 horsepower electric motor powered by
capacitors
7
K1 Attack kit car is the car body (1800lbs) with
a VW turbo diesel (200hp) powering the rear
wheels, and AC Propulsions electric motor (200hp)
powering the front wheels.  To keep the weight
low, the electric motor will be powered by a 450
volt ultra-capacitor pack (weighing only
200lbs).  This configuration will allow the super
hybrid to attain an impressive fuel economy of
50mpg and a zero to sixty acceleration under 4
seconds.  Under normal driving conditions, the
vehicle will solely be powered by the diesel
engine.  Therefore, the ultra-capacitor pack
stores only enough energy for a few minutes of
blazing acceleration. 
8
(No Transcript)
9
GASOLINE ENGINES?
I made a 20 biodiesel/80 gasoline mixture that
ran fine in this lawn mower.
10
FIND USED COOKING OIL
11
(No Transcript)
12
Most restaurants have deep fryers.
13
Expect getting used oil from grease bins.
14
Find a suitable container to collect the used oil
15
(No Transcript)
16
TRANSFER PUMPS
17
SOLIDS
WATER
After collection solids and water will have to be
removed from the used oil.
18
Paper towels or coffee filters absorb water and
filter out particulates.
19
Large glass reactors can be used for larger
amounts, but that gets expensive.
20
(No Transcript)
21
Large plastic containers are usually used.
22
(No Transcript)
23
Batch 2. The recyle hose popped out of the tank
and distributed all 18 gallons of liquid onto the
floor of Gleeson Hall and the walls of the fume
hood.
24
Be aware there might be a large spill of the oil,
like what happened here.
25
(No Transcript)
26
Here is a large scale setup.
27
He is checking out the main reaction vessel. The
smaller one on the right holds the methanol/lye
mixture before it gets pumped into the large
reactor vessel.
28
Notice air powered stirrers for safety
Main Reactor
Where methanol and lye get mixed
29
Used oil being heated.
30
Used oil has to be tested to see how much break
down has occurred. Oil breaks down into fatty
acids, meaning more lye (NaOH) has to be added.
31
Most people find their used cooking oil generally
gives a titration of 2-3 ml, but some used oils
can have much higher FFA (free fatty acids)
levels than this -- 9.6 ml.
32

• Basic titration
• An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also
  use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or
  phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals
  supplier).Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 litre of
  distilled or de-ionized water (0.1 w/v lye
  solution) (weight to volume).In a smaller
  beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10
  ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker
  gently by standing it in some hot water, stir
  until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and
  the mixture turns clear. If you're using
  phenolphthalein, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein
  solution.Using a graduated syringe, add the
  0.1 lye solution drop by drop to the
  oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring
  all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep
  stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye
  solution until the solution stays pink (actually
  magenta) for 15 seconds.Take the number of
  millilitres of 0.1 lye solution you used and add
  3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for fresh
  oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll
  need per litre of oil.With a pH meter or test
  strips, use the same procedure without adding the
  phenolphthalein. Add the 0.1 lye solution drop
  by drop as before until the pH reaches 8.5.
• Better titration
• Unless you have a very accurate scale, it's not
  easy to measure exactly 1 gram of lye. It's much
  easier to measure 5 g accurately than 1 g, so mix
  5 g of lye with 500 millilitres of distilled or
  de-ionized water to make a stock
  solution.Before titration measure out 5 ml of
  the stock solution, add 45 ml of distilled or
  de-ionized water. This makes a 0.1 w/v lye
  solution.It's also not easy to measure exactly
  1 millilitre of oil. Instead of the usual 1 ml of
  oil and 10 ml of isopropyl alcohol, mix 4 ml of
  oil in 40 ml of isopropyl alcohol in a glass
  beaker.Warm the mixture gently by standing the
  beaker in hot water, stir until all the oil
  disperses and it becomes a clear mixture.Then
  titrate as usual, measuring millilitres of stock
  solution used. When it reaches pH8.5 count up the
  number of millilitres used as usual and divide by
  4. This will give a much more precise
  measurement.To save on isopropyl alcohol, use 2
  ml of oil in 20 ml of isopropyl and divide the
  results by two -- still twice as accurate.

33

• FreedomFueler Regular price 2,795.00 Sale
  price 2,395.00

34
3000
2 to 40 gallons
Some assembly is required. All you need is a
barrel of used fryer oil, lye (sodium hydroxide),
a barrel of methanol, a barrel for your
biodiesel, electricity and tap water from a
garden hose.
35

• 500 Gallon Processor
• Our new 500 gallon processor will allow you to
  produce a maximum of 400 gallons of unwashed
  biodiesel in 24 hours time.

36
http//biodieselbarn.homestead.com/BioProcessor.ht
ml

• 45 Gallon Processing Unit.........1800
• 300 Gallon Processing Unit ........ 7900.00
• 750 Gallon Processing Unit .......15900.00
• 1600 Gallon Processing Unit ......28900.00

37

• 2 million gallons of biodiesel per year
  Continuous Flow Processor
• The Continuous Flow Processor uses a two-stage
  transesterification of the feedstock. Each system
  has the optional ability to do a continuous
  centrifugal separation of the glycerine.
• Sale price 820,000

38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
Methyl ester is a more scientific name for
biodiesel. To the left is part of the biodiesel
molecule. The methy group came from methanol.
The ester group was part of the oil/fat.
Bags of Magnesol, used to trap residues, like
glycerin, methanol, and lye, after the biodiesel
is produced.
41
Large reactors Note Spark shielded electric
motors to mix the oil, methanol, and lye.
42
CENTRIFUGE
43
Home setup for large amounts of biodiesel.
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
(No Transcript)
47
METHOXIDE
Carboy full of methoxide feeds into heater as oil
is circulating (Not a safe place for methoxide.
It should not be up high were it can pour down on
someone)
48
(No Transcript)
49
GLYCERIN
Glycerin is clear. The black is from carbon in
the burnt food
50
Here is the glycerin by-product drained out of
the system. There is a liter or two of biodiesel
on top that gets separated out and washed.
51
Here the processor's pump is pumping biodiesel
out of the processor and into the washer.
Oily rags laying around is not a good idea. Its
a fire hazard.
52
Biodiesel being promoted at the Green Expo in
Scottsdale.
53
Promoting biodiesel is honorable, but this setup
was so sloppy that it often turned people away
from doing it.
54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
Diesel engine setup up for biodiesel for straight
vegetable oil. Notice rubber fuel hoses were
replaced.
59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
WASHING
Probably a diesel pickup
63
Here you can see the fish tank heaters and their
thermostats and the hose for the bubbler that is
at the bottom of the tank. Notice the bubbles
washing the biodiesel.
64
Washing using mister technique
65
The water has been changed twice and the bubbles
have been going for 48 hours.
66
DRYING BIODIESEL
Biodiesel sprayed through the air will dry if in
dry climates.

• 1500 parts per million (0.15) is allowable by
  international quality specifications, but even at
  these levels your biodiesel should look clear.

67
Drying techniques

• 1.Increase the amount of air contact with the
  biodiesel...use a larger open topped container.
• 2.Increase the movement of air around the
  container...use a fan to move the air.
• 3.Increase the temp of the air...warm air can
  hold more water vapour than cold air.
• 4.Bubbling air through the biodiesel.

68
Notice the diamond warning sign. The health
(blue) and the reactivity (yellow) are zero,
meaning its safe. Flammability is only at 1,
about the same as wood.
69
HAPPY ENDING
70
FROM SMALL TO LARGE SCALE
PRODUCTION