INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT

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INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON
ENVIRONMENT

• Dr.Deepak Vyas,
• Department of Basic Sciences (Chem), School of
  Engineering
• SPSU, Bhatewar, Udaipur (Rajasthan)1

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INDUSTRIALISATION AND RELATED ISSUES

• Industrialization is not only an important factor
  for economic growth but also responsible for
• Modernizing society
• Promoting new and more appropriate work habit and
  value system
• Reduce dependence on the export of unprocessing
  raw materials and natural resources.
• Factors responsible for Industrialization of
  particular region
• Locational factor
• Environmental conditions
• Mineral resources and facilities available
• For eg. Tungsten, iron, cobalt, quartz and Zinc.
• These aspects have necessitated the
  industrialization of a particular region and that
  too of JODHPUR city in rajasthan.

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INDUSTRIAL STATUS OF JODHPUR

• The industrial status of Jodhpur city is divided
  into two main industrial areas.
• Basni Industrial area
• Marudhar industrial area
• MAIN INDUSTRIAL UNITS
• The main industrial units in Jodhpur city are
• Textile
• Engineering
• Chemicals
• Guar-gum
• Metal Industry

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INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGE AND ITS
PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

• The waste from different industrial units travels
  in open drains and finally emerges into the Jojri
  river at the out skirts of the city.
• Major constituents of industrial Effluent
• Chemical constituent Concentration(ppm)
• Alkalinity 710-1760
• COD 280-650
• Chloride 270-450
• Color Dark violet
• pH value 9.5-10.6
• Conductivity 4.7-6.0

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METAL AND INDUSTRY

• The metals of industrial importance are
• Bismuth
• Nickel
• Iron
• Chromium
• Aluminium
• Tin
• Arsenic
• Zinc
• Lead
• Selenium
• Copper
• Cadmium
• Mercury
• Vanadium

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APPLICATION OF METALLIC COMPOUNDS IN INDUSTRY AND
ITS TOXICITY

• Metal Uses Toxicity
• Arsenic Insecticide Cancer
• Cadmium Electroplating Kidney and CNS
• Chromium Corrosion prevention Cancer producing
• Lead Batteries,TEL, paints kidney, liver, brain
• Mercury Paints, thermometers CNS,minamata
  disease
• Nickel Aircraft and steel works Lungs cancer
• Selenium paints, electronic devices carcinogenic
• Copper alloys, conductors less toxic
• Iron steel works less toxic
• Cobalt hard alloy, magnet decolouration of skin
• Silver Photography decolouration of skin

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BRIEF ACCOUNT OF METALS OF STUDY

• TIN
• The most important application of tin is in
• Food packaging industry
• Used to make alloy in chemical industry
• For making paints
• Used as fungicides, disinfectants,anti fouling
  paints
• Stablizers in PVC, plastics and used as catalyst
• Toxicity It acts as neuro toxicants

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BISMUTH

• It is present as trace impurity in copper and
  nickel
• Used in medical science and pharmaceutical
  preparations
• Greatest use has been for gastrointestinal tract
  disturbances
• vital utility is in high temperature
  superconductors, more recent is the super
  conducting tapes and wires that can carry higher
  and higher current densities.
• The super conducting powder used in these types
  of HTS wires is a ceramic compound containing
  bismuth, lead, strontium, calcium and copper
  usually abbreviated as Bi-2233.
• TOXICITY
• It is associated with clinical disturbances

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ALUMINIUM

• It is the most abundant element of earth crust.
• Used in kitchen ware
• Aircraft construction
• Electrical conductors
• As coagulant in the treatment of water
• In water bodies acidification of clay-rich fresh
  waters bring aluminium to water that its toxicity
  is observed.
• TOXICITY
• It is neurotoxic and plays role in the
  pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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VANADIUM

• Industrial applications includes
• Dyeing
• Ceramic
• As catalyst
• High speed tools
• High strength alloys
• Vanadium plays an important role in the
  prevention of heart disease. Vanadium-pentoxide
  dust cause gastrointestinal and respiratory
  disorders.. Discharge from such source
  contributes to its presence in water supply.
• TOXICITY It causes gastro-intestinal and
  respiratory disorders.

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SCOPE OF WORK

• The existence of toxic trace metals has led to
  much concern because-
• The industrial waste water vary greatly in
  composition therefore its evaluation is
  necessary.
• Pollution problem due to unbridled growth of
  industry in Rajasthan and mainly in Jodhpur city.
• These waste affects quality of ground water due
  to percolation of these hazardous substances
  through porous soil of land to ground waters.
• The study assumes significance because Jodhpur
  city lies in Thar desert and often experiences
  water shortage

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OBJECTIVES

• METHODOLOGY
• In selecting a technique, the prime requirement
  are
• Selectivity
• Specificity
• Speed
• All the above requirements are full filled by
  Electrochemical technique particularly
  POLAROGRAPHY AND VOLTAMMETRY.
• Advantages good potential for characterization
  and quantitation
• Simultaneous determination
• Suitable for working upto ppm and ppb levels.

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POLAROGRAPHIC AND VOLTAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE

• The technique was invented by Jaroslav Heyrovasky
  in 1922
• It deals with the electrolysis of solutions and
  interpretation of current potential curve(i-E
  curve)

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JODHPUR AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

• Jodhpur is located in the lower middle part of
  the arid western Rajasthan about 250km from the
  Pakistan border. It has an altitute of about
  241meters.At Jodhpur there are six industrial
  areas and are located towards southwest of the
  city. The main industrial units are Textile,
  Steel rolling, chemical, engineering and various
  other units.

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INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGE
The effluent of the working unit is 25K.L/day
since the area has not been provided with drains,
the waste discharged from the industrial units
located very near to the drains carrying
wastewater of light industrial area is discharged
into the commonnalah and finally it emerges into
the Jojri River.
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INSTRUMENTATION

• i. A PAR (Princeton Applied Research, USA) 174-A
  Polarographic analyzer in conjunction with drop
  timer (model-174/70) all of EGE, USA were used
  for polarographic studies.
• D.C and DPP polarograms were recorded by X-Y
  recorder (model-RE-0074).
• All potential were measured against a saturated
  calomel electrode (SCE) and platinum wire was
  used as an auxiliary electrode.
• An AAS spectrophotometer (model-AA2380) of
  Perkin Elmer, USA was used to determine
  concentrations of different metal ions for
  comparison purposes with DPP results.

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SAMPLE COLLECTION

• Industrial wastewater samples were collected from
  different sites of Jodhpur industrial areas.
• Samples were filtered to separate particulate
  matter and these were acidified with hydrochloric
  acid for storage purposes.
• The sample was oxidized with oxidizing mixture,
  concentrated and made upto the volume.
• All experiments were carried out in an
  air-conditioned lab. The solution was de-aerated
  by bubbling purified nitrogen for 20min prior to
  measurements. Chemicals were of AR grade purity.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
BISMUTH DETERMINATION IN EFFLUENT FROM DIFFERENT
INDUSTRIES
S.No Source (n)
Bi concentration(microgm/lit)
n Min. Max Ave. S.D R.S.D 1 Metal
Industry 7 .031 .078 .055 .01 18.1 2
Alcobex factory 7
3.02 3.60 3.29 0.22 6.7 3 Balim steel
7 1.30 1.74 1.48 0.16 10.8 4 Common nalah
7 .04 .072 .057 .012 21.0
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DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM
Determination of Al in industrial wastewater and
hand pump water sample
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Determination of Tin
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Determination of Vanadium
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CONCLUSION
In spite of wide industrial applications of tin,
bismuth and vanadium and aluminium the industrial
waste water containing higher concentration of
these ions and other toxic metals such as
cadmium, lead, and Zinc raises the risk of
affecting the quality of water reserve of
Rajasthan which observe water scarcity and if
these substances reach the human body they
display toxic behavior, it is necessary to check
the concentration of these metals ions from time
to time.