FORT GORDON

1
FORT GORDON
U.S. Army Signal Center
2
COCAINE!!!!
3
COMMON BRAND NAMES Coke Crack Blow Snow
Nose Candy
EFFECTS CLASSIFICATION Euphoric Stimulant
CHEMICAL NAME benzoylmethyl ecgonine
http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
4
WHAT IS COCAINE?

• Outside of South America it is generally used in
  its more refined and extracted forms either
  powder cocaine, or freebase used in its more
  refined and extracted forms either powder
  cocaine, or freebase cocaine which produce much
  stronger effects than "chewing" the leaves. The
  term "Crack" is alternately used to refer to
  street quality freebase cocaine, or to refer to
  the product of a particular manufacturing process
  which uses sodium bicarbonate rather than a
  flammable solvent. Powdered cocaine is generally
  insufflated (snorted) and crack / freebase
  cocaine is generally smoked. Smoking freebase
  cocaine causes a strong, short-lived peak of
  about 3-5 minutes, while snorting cocaine
  provides a lower high with major effects lasting
  closer to 15 - 30 minutes.

• Cocaine is both a central nervous system
  stimulant and a topical anesthetic. It is found
  in the leaves of the Erthroxylum coca plant. The
  traditional method of coca use is to "chew" the
  leaves (the leaves are actually not chewed so
  much as sucked, producing a mild stimulation.

http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
5
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

• Varies with dose and the tolerance of the user.
  Increases alertness, wakefulness, elevates the
  mood, mild to high degree of euphoria, increases
  athletic performance, decreases fatigue, clearer
  thinking, increases concentration, increases
  energy, increased irritability, insomnia,
  restlessness. With high doses may exhibit a
  pattern of psychosis with confused and
  disorganized behavior, irritability, fear,
  paranoia, hallucinations, may become extremely
  antisocial and aggressive.

http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
6
PHYSICAL EFFECTS

• Increases heart rate, blood pressure, body
  temperature, and sweating. Increases speed of
  respiration, dilates the pupils, decreased sleep
  and appetite. Can decrease seizure threshold and
  is associated with seizures, strokes, and heart
  attacks in susceptible individuals.

http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
7
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

• Although cocaine does not cause dangerous
  physical addiction, discontinuing regular use can
  lead to a wide varieties of (very) unpleasant
  withdrawal and craving symptoms, including
  intense cravings for more cocaine, hunger,
  irritability, apathy, depression, paranoia,
  suicidal ideation, loss of sex drive, insomnia or
  excessive sleep, dizziness, shaking, and/or
  feeling cold. Although the withdrawal from heavy
  cocaine use is not as debilitating as the
  withdrawal from opiates or benzodiazepines, it is
  still usually quite unpleasant. Often,
  individuals simply take more cocaine to reduce
  these effects, leading to a pattern of
  habituation, dependence, and addiction.

http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
8
OVERDOSE SYMPTOMS

• Agitation, hostility, hallucinations,
  convulsions, high body temperature
  (hyperthermia), stroke, heart attack, and
  possibly death.People with latent congenital
  heart defects, high blood pressure, or thyroid
  problems are at higher risk of dangerous
  reactions and heart failure with the recreational
  use of cocaine.

http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
9
LONG-TERM USE

• Heavy, regular use of cocaine is known to cause
  restlessness, anxiety, hyper excitability,
  paranoia, irritability, insomnia, weight loss,
  and a variety of other less acute psychological
  symptoms. Insufflations of any substance can lead
  to damaging the cartilage and mucosa in the nose,
  eventually leading to a hole in the septum (the
  soft structure separating the nostrils). If
  injected, cocaine use can lead to a wide variety
  of problems including life-threatening
  infections, shared needle-related blood diseases,
  etc.

http//www.erowid.org/chemicals/cocaine/cocaine.sh
tml
10
(No Transcript)
11
HISTORY of COCAINE

• 3000 B.C. The Coca Plant is believed to be a gift
  from God and Coca chewing is practiced throughout
  South America.
• 1662 Abraham Cowley writes a poem about Coca A
  Legend of Coca. This is the first mention of
  the plant in English literature.
• 1708 Coca is first mentioned in a materia medica,
  Institutiones Medicae.
• 1850s Coca tinctures used in throat surgery.
• 1855 Cocaine is extracted from Coca leaves for
  the first time.
• 1862 Merck produces ¼ pound of cocaine.

12
HISTORY of COCAINE

• 1870 Coca wine is sold throughout the United
  States and France with an average of 7mg of
  cocaine per ounce of wine.
• 1870s Parke, Davis manufactures a fluid extract
  of Coca.
• 1883 Merck produces ¾ pound of cocaine.
• 1884 Cocaine is regularly used as an anesthetic
  in eye surgery.
• 1884 Sigmund Freud publishes an article in which
  he recommends the use of cocaine to treat
  morphine addiction.
• 1884 Merck produces 3,179 pounds of cocaine.

13
HISTORY of COCAINE

• 1886 Merck produces 158,352 pounds of cocaine.
• 1886 Coca Cola is first produced containing syrup
  and caffeine laced with cocaine.
• 1880s Parke, Davis manufacture refined cocaine.
• 1905 The consumption of cocaine via snorting
  begins to gain popularity.
• 1910 First cases of nasal damage due to snorting
  cocaine are seen in hospitals.
• 1912 Over 5,000 cocaine related deaths are
  reported in the United States.

14
HISTORY of COCAINE

• 1914 Cocaine is banned in the United States.
• 1976 Freebase cocaine (Crack) is first developed.
• 1980s Crack is popularized by dealers and
  glamorized by the Hollywood media.
• 1981 Wholesale cost of 1 kg of cocaine is
  55,000.
• 1984 Wholesale cost of 1 kg of cocaine is
  25,000.
• Mid 1980s Crack becomes the most addictive form
  of cocaine.

15
Cocaine UsagePercent of Students Reporting
Cocaine Use, 20052006
16
Percent of Students Reporting Risk of Using
Cocaine, 2006
17
Percent of College Students/Young Adults
Reporting Cocaine Use, 20042005
18
UNITED STATESARMY CENTER FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE
PROGRAMS
For more Information Contact Your Unit
Prevention Leader or The Fort Gordon
ASAP 791-4178 / 3674