COSMIC

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Ground-Based Research at UCAR
John Braun/Teresa Van Hove/Chris Rocken/Ted
Iwabuchi/Yanli Chu/Maggie Sleziak/Karl Hudnut

• Ground-based GPS program overview
• Hurricane and GPS PW observations
• New techniques in ground-based GPS measurements
• Potential Interaction with NCAR and communities

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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Introduction of the ground-based moisture
observation network around Beijing

• IGS Rapid (daily processing) and Ultra-Rapid
  (realtime processing) satellite orbits used
• CODE Global Ionosphere Maps used for L1 network
• IGS stations used for reference frame and PW
  estimation
• Bernese Version 4.2 used with UCAR modifications
  and enhancements for L1 processing,HiRIM,PW and
  SW

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Bias(mm) SD(mm)
Samples GPS-MWR -0.9 2.4
1347 RS-MWR -2.7 2.7
44 RS-GPS -1.4 2.8
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Near-realtime Results
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PW retrieved from IGS ZTD detects the obvious dry
bias in the radiosonde soundings at Beijing 54511
station during August 2004.
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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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GPS for climatological benchmark

• Comparison at 20 radiosonde stations

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10 year comparisons of PWV

• 10 year time-series of GPS PWV and radiosonde PWV

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Possibility of correction of RAOB profile

• Daytime dry biases in Meisei (Japanese)
  radiosonde
• Correction of scale error in radiosonde is
  possible
• Beneficial for operational forecast and
  climatological researches (reanalysis)

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Correction of RAOB profile (Contd)
09 LST
15 LST
21 LST
03 LST

• Daytime dry biases in Korean radiosonde (6
  hourly)

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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Near-future operational forecasts in Japan

• Operational observation since 1996 (data is
  available)
• Real-time data capability (1Hz data sampling)
  from 2003
• Choke-ring antenna since 2003
• About 1300 stations with 17km spacing
• Planned operational forecast

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Nowcasting application
After flash flood
2000 - 2030 LST
2100 - 2130 LST
2200 - 2230 LST

• 100 mm / hour integrated precipitation for more
  than 2 hours Social interest
• JMA could not predict produce the sudden
  precipitation
• No simulations (data assimilation) have not
  succeeded to reproduce the severe rainfall
• GEONET is only dense operational network with
  real-time data capability

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Flash flood in Tokyo
After flash flood
Nakano-ku, Tokyo http//www.city.tokyo-nakano.lg.
jp/018/01/d00500009.html

• Flash flood happened in metropolitan Tokyo
• More than 100mm / hr precipitation

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ZTD and Precipitation

• 30 sec (sampling rate) real-time estimation of
  ZTD (random walk)
• Rapid decrease of ZTD derivative after the large
  derivative

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ZTD and Precipitation (the other case)

• ZTD maxima and rapid increase of ZTD derivative
  happens prior to severe rainfall
• True real-time (latency of a few minutes) ZTD
  estimates are useful for nowcasting application

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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Initial UCAR Tests
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Attenuation in Forest
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Attenuation in Forest
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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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Hurricane Katrina
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Katrina Time Series
GPS PW (red) Pressure (blue)
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Hurricane Pressure and PW

• Correlation coefficient of water vapor and
  station pressure is -0.71
• Storms with winds of 70 mph have coefficient of
  -0.76

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Caribbean Instrumentation
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Caribbean Instrumentation
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Historical Hurricane Tracks
Images from www.nhc.noaa.gov
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Hurricane OSSE Tests
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PWV from Cruise Ship
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Gulf Buoy Network
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Simulation domain

• Assuming that 5 ship GPS observations are
  available
• Each ship moves along the track of the cruising
  ship (black lines)

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Met sensor
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GPS antenna with in-situ MET sensor (as a sample)
Surface pressure observed at GEOL, Puerto rico
station (met3), orthometric height 36m

• MET sensors need careful maintenances and quality
  check
• Interpolation of regional surface met network,
  use model pressure, or do ZTD data assimilation

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GPS observation on ship

• Rocken et al. (2005) GPS observation on cruising
  ship
• GPS and radiosonde PWV agreed with 2mm rms level

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Ship OSSE
Reference
Control
Ship OSSE ground OSE

• OSSE with PWV 2mm random noises on moving ship
  
• Expected impact on moisture profiles by deploying
  buoy and ship GPS stations
• Real-time and continuous observations will be
  beneficial for forecast

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities

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NOAA/GSD Ground Based GPS
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NOAA/GSD Ground Based GPS

• Notice of Degradation of ESRL GPS-Met Services
• Effective October 30, 2006.
• Due to lack of funding, the staff of the
  NOAA/ESRL GPS-Met project will be reduced at 14
  UTC on 30 OCT 2006, and the availability of some
  GPS-Met data, products and services will be
  eliminated or severely curtailed.
• Specifically
• GPS-IPW and surface MET observations will no
  longer be available through MADIS. This will
  impact the display of GPS-Met data on AWIPS
  workstations.
• GPS-IPW and surface MET data will no longer be
  available via the ftp site (ftp//aftp.fsl.noaa.go
  v/gpsmet).
• Text output of GPS-IPW and surface MET data will
  no longer be available from the web site.
• Reduced data availability, especially from NOAA
  sites, is expected.
• Comparisons of satellite data and GPS-IPW will no
  longer be available.
• Our ability to respond to requests for technical
  or scientific assistance will be severely
  curtailed due to the reduction in staff.
• Please address your comments or questions to
• Seth Gutman
• ESRL Global Systems Division
• 325 Broadway R/GSD
• Boulder, CO USA 80305-3328
• USA 80305-3328

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Issue
NOAA/GSD Ground Based GPS

• GPS-Met funding are programmed in the FY09 budget
  and beyond, but
• Funds to maintain the program at its current
  level in FY07 and FY08 have not been identified.
• Unless sufficient funds (700K) are identified by
  9/15/06, the project will
• revert to ½ FTE on 10/6/06
• the network will be placed on life support to
  sustain the capability for NOAA
• GPS-Met products will be available fo
• FY06 EOY funds are being sought from NESDIS
  NWS as a stop-gap measure to help fund the
  GPS-Met Project in FY07.
• 350K in FY06 EOY funds are expected from NWS.
• We are requesting an additional 350K from
  NESDIS.
• Funds will again need to be identified in FY07 to
  bridge the FY08 funding gap until the planned
  resources identified within r research on a
  best-effort basis.

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Outline

• Ground Based GPS Overview
• Beijing Demonstration Network
• Taiwan
• Japan GEONET
• Nowcasting
• Biomass (SNR observations)
• REFRACTT
• Hurricane and PWV Observations (ocean platforms)
• 2003-2006 Summaries
• Network Expansion into Caribbean
• Assimilation Studies
• Future funding of NOAA/GSD GPS-Met Program
• Interaction with NCAR and Communities