4 minutes in 20

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4 minutes in 20
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Our universe burst into existence.
13.7 billion years ago
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Temperatures were 100 million times hotter
Than the centres of the hottest stars.
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
The universe 13.4 billion years ago
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Before
After
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The early universe
photon
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But after 300,000 years
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Collapse
Point of singularity
Time
Point of singularity
Expansion
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Planck Time
0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000005
seconds
0
240
Seconds from origin
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Quarks
Leptons
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Quarks
Leptons
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1. Strong nuclear force
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1. Strong nuclear force
2. Electromagnetic force
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1. Strong nuclear force
2. Electromagnetic force
3. Weak nuclear force
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1. Strong nuclear force
2. Electromagnetic force
3. Weak nuclear force
4. Gravity
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1. Strong nuclear force2. Electromagnetic
force3. Weak nuclear force 4. Gravity
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1. Strong Nuclear Force

• Most significant on a quantum level

• The strongest of the forces

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2. Electromagnetic and

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2. Electromagnetic and
3. Weak nuclear force
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and last and least, Gravity.

• The weakest force
• but we are most familiar with it because it acts
  at our scale.

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Grand Unification
Strong Nuclear
Electro- magnetic
Weak
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Grand Unification
Equal magnitudes
Strong Nuclear
Electro- magnetic
Electro- magnetic
Weak
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Grand Unification
0.00000000000001 seconds
0
240
Seconds from origin
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A hot dense plasma called the
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Electroweak epoch
0.0000000000001 seconds
0
240
Seconds from origin
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1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
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Quark epoch
0. 0000001 seconds
0
240
Seconds from origin
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Blue Quark Red Quark Yellow Quark
White Particle
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Large Hadron Collidor
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Quarks joined to form protons and neutrons
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v
Anti-Baryons
Baryons
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Nucleosynthesis
100 180 seconds
0
240
Seconds from origin
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Protons and Neutrons form atomic nuclei
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The end of the beginning
240 seconds
0
240
Seconds from origin
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Collision between matter and antimatter ended in
their destruction
Lepton
Anti-Lepton
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The end of the beginning

• 10,000,000 degrees C
• 75 hydrogen
• 25 helium

0
240
Seconds from origin
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What's going to happen to the universe?
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If gravity is strong enough

• The universe will eventually stop expanding.
• It will then began to collapse again, the Big
  Bang in reverse.

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If the universe is expanding slightly faster than
the critical rate then

• The universe will continue to expand forever.

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If the cosmological constant is big enough

• The universe will rip itself apart
• Planet will be destroyed just 30 minutes before
  the end.

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Thank you for listening.