World Distribution of Temperatures

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World Distribution of Temperatures
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Air Temperature Data what data are recorded?
Daily Mean Daily Range
Monthly Mean
Annual Mean Annual Range
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Latitude
Controls of Temperature
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Sun Angles at Different Latitudes
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Geographic Position
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Coasts
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Temperature controlLand and Water

• Continental climates
• Land water heating
• Mobility
• Transparency
• Evaporation
• Specific heat

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Land Water
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Ocean Currents
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45 degrees N halfway between equator and pole
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Inverewe Gardens ...This colourful sub-tropical
garden owned by the National Trust for Scotland
is located further north than Moscow, but thanks
to the North Atlantic Drift, all kinds of exotic
plants grow here in 50 acres... Highly
recommended. http//www.scotland-inverness.co.uk/
gardens.htm
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57.5 degrees North (same latitude as Moscow and
Hudsons Bay semi-tropical gardens on the coast
of Scotland
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Altitude
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Cloud Cover
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Note the influence of clouds which interrupts
the latitudinal patterns
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Daily Variations in Air Temperature
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Temperature Measurement
Thermometer
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Maximum Minimum Thermometers
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Thermograph
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Temperature Scales
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Wind-Chill Factor
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Heat Index
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Normal Atmospheric Conditions
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Temperature Inversion warmer air slides over the
cool air at the surface trapping the surface air
beneath a very stable upper air mass
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Degree Days

• Heating Degree Days
• Growing Degree Days
• Cooling Degree Days
• An index of temperature that can be used to
  assess climatic conditions.

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Growing Degree DayBase temperatures (TBase)

• 40F - wheat, barley, rye, oats, flaxseed,
  lettuce, asparagus
• 45F - sunflower, potato
• 50F - sweet corn, corn, sorghum, rice, soybeans,
  tomato
• 44F - corn rootworm
• 48F - alfalfa weevil
• 50F - black cutworm, European corn borer

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Calculating GDD

• first find the mean temperature for the day.
  (This is usually done by taking the high and low
  temperature for the day, adding them together and
  dividing by two.)
• If the mean temperature is above Tbase, then the
  growing degree day amount equals the mean
  temperature minus Tbase
• For example, if the mean temperature was 75F then
  the growing degree day amount equals 25, using a
  Tbase 50F
• http//www.sws.uiuc.edu/atmos/statecli/FAQ/degree_
  days.htm

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An Example of GDD requirements

• Field Corn Hybrid Maturity Classification.
• Maturity Days GDD
• Early-season 85-100 2100-2400
• Mid-season 101-130 2400-2800
• Full-season 131-145 2900-3200
• http//www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/NCH/NCH-40.html