Power System Fundamentals

1
Power System Fundamentals

• ECE 0909.402.05
• ECE 0909.504.05 - Lecture 12
• 22 April 2003
• Peter Mark Jansson PP PE MScEng

2
Aims

• Final Tour Schedule
• Feedback Summary
• Chapter 9 Transmission Lines
• End-Use Devices/Systems Efficiency

3
Final Tour Schedule

• Monday 28 April 2003
• Carlls Corner Substation MEET at 8AM
• Friday 2 May 2003
• Mays Landing System Control Center
• MEET at 8AM
• Monday 5 May 2003
• PSEG Nuclear Training Center in Salem
• MEET at 8AM

4
Feedback Summary

• Thank You
• And the Winners are..
• Transmission Lines 9
• Power Generation Fuels 8
• Advanced Generation Technologies 6
• End-Use Devices and Systems 5
• System Reliability RC Engineering 5

5
Plan for next Fortnight

• Todays Lecture
• Chapter 9 Transmission Line Fundamentals
• End-Use Devices Intro/Overview
• Next Weeks Lecture
• Power generation Fuels
• Advanced Generation Technologies
• Closing three Tours
• Substation CT, System Control Center, Nuclear
  Power Plant Control Room Simulator

6
Admin

• Final Quiz (2) on last day of class Tuesday
  evening May 6 515 p.m.
• Final Paper original due date 29 April
• Revised due date 8 May 2003

7
Transmission Lines

• Purpose to connect power generation to loads
• Design Types
• Bulk transmission large quantities of power to
  distribution substations (Hi voltage - gt 34.5
  kV)
• Radial transmission often called distribution
  lines to deliver power to customer loads (Lo
  voltage lt 23kV)
• Rule of Thumb Power delivered ? V2

8
Types of Transmission Construction

• Overhead most common in rural and semi-rural
  utility systems, least expensive, easiest to
  maintain, most used for bulk power transmission
• Underground most common in center-city, urban
  and planned development systems, subject to
  higher failures and larger per unit cost length,
  capacitance problems over long lengths

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Typical Construction O/H
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Typical Construction O/H

• Towers / Poles to increase phase to ground
  distance and limit exposure to the public
• Cross arms separate phases from each other and
  from ground potential (pole is 90 ground)
• Insulators to separate phase voltage from
  ground potential and maximize electrostatic creep
  length
• Ground/Static Wire - for lightning protection

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Typical Construction O/H

• Conductors typically ACSR (aluminum conductor
  steel reinforced) one or more per phase with
  appropriate diameter to carry current and load at
  given voltage and strength to handle spans
  between towers and associated dead and live loads

12
Clearances

• Nominal line voltage - Maximum voltage,
• Basic distance, Safe
  distance
• 50 kV - 72,5 kV 0,70 m 1,70 m
• 110 kV - 123 kV 1,20 m 2,20 m
• 150 kV - 170 kV 1,60 m 2,60 m
• 220 kV - 245 kV 2,60 m 3,60 m
• 380 kV - 420 kV 3,60 m 4,60 m
• SAFE DISTANCE divide max. voltage by 100 add 1

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Underground cables

• Application underground, underwater
• Trench Installation or Duct Bank
• Direct Buried or Cable Tray
• External sheath or ground wrap
• Riser Poles/Terminations
• Manholes for Duct Bank Installations\