Skeletal System Function of the Bones

1
Skeletal System Function of the Bones

• Support and protection
• Movement
• Storage and production of materials.

2
Bones and Joints

• Joint- A place in your body where two or more of
  your bones come together.
• Cartilage- A tough supportive tissue that is
  softer and more flexible than bone.
• Ossification- The process of replacing cartilage
  with bone.
• Marrow- A tissue that fills in the spaces
  between bones. Yellow and red
• Red- Produces blood cells.
• Yellow- stores fats.

3
Types of Bones

• Compact- Makes up the outer layer of all bones.
  Is dense and solid.
• Spongy- Contains flat and needlelike structures
  that resist stress. Red marrow fills in open
  spaces in the bone.
• Outer Membrane- Cover most of a long bone. The
  inner portion contains cells that build up and
  break down bone.
• Center Cavity- In long bones usually contain
  yellow bone marrow

4
Types of Joints

• Pivot Joint- Connects your head to the first
  vertebra in your backbone.
• Gliding Joint- Allow movement in many directions
  as the bones slide along each other. Ex. Hands,
  Ankles
• Hinge Joint- Allow bending and straightening
  movements. Ex. Knees,elbows.
• Ball and Socket Joint- Allows movement in all
  directions. Ex. Shoulders, Hips

5
Keeping Healthy

• Osteoporosis- A condition in which the bones
  become weak and break easily.
• Fracture- Break in the bone.
• - Simple Fracture- The bone may be cracked or
  completely broken in two or more pieces.
• - Compound Fracture- The broken end of the bone
  pierce the skin.

6
Cont

• Sprain- An overstretched or torn ligament.
• Dislocation- The ends of the bones in a joint
  are forced out of their normal positions.
• Scoliosis- An abnormal curvature of the spine.

7
Muscular System

• Smooth Muscle- Is involuntary muscle that causes
  movements within your body. Ex. Esophagus,
  Intestines
• Cardiac Muscle- Is involuntary muscle that is
  found only in the heart.
• Skeletal Muscle- Are the muscles that you
  control to do activities. A thick strand of
  tissue called a tendon attaches a muscle to a
  bone.

8
How Muscles Work

• Muscle Tone- Slight tension of muscles. Ex.
  Muscles in your neck contract just enough to keep
  your head upright, even when you are not moving
  your head.
• Atrophy- Muscles that are not used often, will
  weaken and shrink. Occurs often when injured.

9
Keeping Healthy

• Anabolic Steroids- Artificial form of the male
  hormone testosterone.
• Strain- A pulled muscle. Often occurs when
  muscles are overworked or stretched to much or to
  quickly.
• Tendonitis- Overuse of tendons may lead to
  painful swelling and irritation.