PRESENTATION TOPIC

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PRESENTATION TOPIC

• War and Australian Nationalism Gallipoli and
  the ANZAC Legend
• Wayne Muller
• Griffith University
• 24th June 2008

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Australia and the USA- Contrasting Military
Legacies

• Australia has had
• No War of Independence
• No civil war
• No equivalent of Arlington National Cemetery
• Australia and the USA have fought together in
• WW1
• WW2
• Korean War
• Vietnam
• Gulf Wars 1 and 2
• Afghanistan
• Australia and the USA both remember the
  sacrifices made in war
• Australia- ANZAC Day (25th of April)
• USA- Memorial Day (Last Monday in May)

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A Profile of Australians at War

• The Boer War- 1899-1902
• WW1- 1914-1918
• WW2- 1939-1945
• The Korean War- 1950-1953
• The Vietnam War- 1962-1975
• Iraq War 1- 1990
• Iraq War 2- 2003 to the present
• Afghanistan- 2002 to the present

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WW1 and the Evolution of the ANZAC Tradition

• The evolution of Australian nationalism post
  federation in 1901
• Reasons for Australia participation in WW1
• England as the Mother Country
• War and mateship
• Genuine patriotism and concept of being a real
  man
• Social pressure not to be seen as a slacker
  (coward)
• War as an adventure and a chance to travel
• War as sport
• Believed that the war would be over very quickly
• Effectiveness of recruitment strategies
• Recruitment

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Recruiting Poster
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Recruiting Poster
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Patriotic Poster
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• War as a manifestation of Mateship
• Concept of mateship
• High levels of volunteerism by rural youths
• Aspects of Australian diggers
• Cynical about military leaders- names of
  Australian generals
• Larrikin behaviour
• Very strong bonds between soldiers-gt stand by
  your mates
• War as sport and as an adventure
• Naïve conceptions of the nature of the conflict
• Perception that the war would be brief
• Movie Gallipoli- playing AFL near the pyramids

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Departing for Europe
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The Gallipoli Campaign

• The events of the 25th of April 1915
• A planning and military disaster which achieved
  nothing
• The role of war historian C W Bean in creating
  the mythology of ANZAC

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Above Anzac Cove
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Trench at Gallipoli
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The Western Front

• More significant than the Gallipoli Campaign
• Scale of conflict
• Scale of casualties
• Duration of conflict
• Successful conclusion

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Bridges Over the Somme
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Bray-Sur-Somme
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Light Horse Regiment
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The Conscription Debates and Referenda

• The politics of and justifications for
  conscription
• The role of the Prime Minister W M Hughes
• The role of the Catholic Church
• The results of the two referenda

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The Prime Minister at a Pro Conscription Rally
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The Air War
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The Palestine Theatre
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World War 2

• The more muted significance of patriotism,
  nationalism and the ANZAC Spirit
• The theatres of WW2
• The war in Europe
• The desert campaigns
• The Pacific campaign
• A move away from Britain to the USA as our
  powerful friend

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The Desert Campaign Nth Africa
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The Desert Campaign Nth Africa
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The War in the Pacific
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The Vietnam War

• Australias first controversial war
• Engagement with the USA
• Based on the climate created by the Cold War-
  Communism versus Democracy
• Also based upon the domino principle of the
  potential spread of Communism in Asia
• The controversy of conscription and the method of
  selecting conscripts
• The statistics on military deaths in Australia
  and the USA
• The first television war and the implications
  of this
• Military defeat in Vietnam- implications of this
• Vietnam veterans- post war traumas

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Iraq Wars One and Two

• Immediate involvement of Australians in both
• Iraq war 1- to repel a dictators invasion of
  Kuwait
• Iraq war 2- Regime Change and attempted
  democratisation
• Politics and controversies regarding Australias
  involvement in Iraq War 2
• Scale of Australias involvement- symbolic rather
  than significant
• The current Australian withdrawal from Iraq

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The Rebuilding of the ANZAC Tradition

• A strategy of the conservative coalition
  government elected in 1996
• The personal background and values of Prime
  Minister John Howard
• Increasing participation in ANZAC day parades in
  Australia and Australians travelling to Gallipoli
• Declining role of the RSL and declining number of
  surviving veterans prior to Vietnam

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