LANGUAGE DeVElOPMENT AND READING

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LANGUAGE DeVElOPMENT ANDREADING
Preventing Reading Difficulties A Guide to
Early Identification and Intervention in
Multilingual Classrooms.
Ana Luiza G.P. Navas Professor Adjunto Curso de
Fonoaudiologia FCMSCSP
ana.navas_at_fcmscsp.edu.br
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Small children use oral language to learn to
read, whereas older children use reading skills
to improve their language they read to learn
Wetsby, 1989
Learn to read Read to learn
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Modified Oral Language
Oral Language
Written Language
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Oral language skills implications for reading
development

• Language development
• Language development in bilinguals
• Language disorders

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Social and cultural factors
Individual differences
Cognitive abilities
Written language knowledge
Oral language skills
Instructional factors
Literacy Environment
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Language acquisition involves...

• Learning the sounds of a language (phonemes),
  words, and the ways those can be combined in a
  given language
• Using a finite number of words to elaborate an
  infinite number of phrases and to express an
  infinite number of ideas
• Exposition to an environment that uses oral
  language or sign language (LIBRAS or ASL).

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Oral Language
Phonology
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
FLUENCY
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Contextual
Semantic
Orthographic
Phonological
speech
Writing/Reading
Adams, 1991
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Phonotactic Rules Language specific
/prato//plasma/ lpatla - Portuguese /brik/,
/blink/

• Portuguese syllable structure
• V a
• CV, VC pa, ar
• CVC par
• CCV pra
• CCVC cris

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Grapheme Phoneme Correspondences - Language
specific
Graphic units
Phonological units
phoneme
grapheme
/ p /
lt p gt
lt s gt
lt ss gt
/ s /
lt ç gt
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Orthographic Transparency

• N of graphemes ? N of phonemes
• Deep orthography
• N of graphemes N of phonemes
• Shallow orthography

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Diversity of Orthographies
deep
shallow
English
Serbo-Croatian
Portuguese
Spanish
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Percentage of correct responses for visual word
recognition and letter-sound correspondences in
different languages
Seymour et. al, 2003
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Percentage of correct responses for visual
pseudoword recognition in different languages
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Oral language skills implications for reading
development
English
Portuguese
/ Spanish
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Contextual
vocabulary
Semantic
metalinguistic skills
Orthographic
Phonological
speech
Writing/Reading
Adams, 1991
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Language Disorders

• A language disorder is the abnormal acquisition
  / development of production or comprehension of
  oral and/or written language. The disorders could
  involve all or one of the linguistics components
  such as phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax,
  or pragmatics. ASHA, 1980

It is estimated that around 6 of preschool
children show speech and/or language disorders
Law, 2001
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Contextual
Language Disorders
Semantic
Phonological
Orthographic
speech
Writing/Reading
Phonological Disorders
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Low performance in reading tasks

• Severity of the phonological disorder
• Metalinguistic abilities
• Presence of other language impairments

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30
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Larrivee Catts, 1999
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speech / language
speech
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National Research Council, Reading Panel, 2002
Metalinguistic skills
Fluency
Vocabulary
Alphabetic Principle (G-P)
Comprehension skills
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Early Identification and Intervention

• Severe reading difficulties could lead rapidly
  into negative consequences, both social and
  personal.
• Specific intervention is much harder in older
  children.

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Normal readers Reading difficulties Specific
Reading disorders
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Reading is an adventure...
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