The French Revolution

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The French Revolution

• Chapter 19

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Key Terms

• 1. bourgeoisie- the middle class
• 2. The Bastille- medieval fortress that was
  stormed on July 14, 1789 by 800 Parisians
  demanding weapons and gunpowder. The mob killed
  the commander and 5 guards and released some
  prisoners. Became a symbol of the revolution.
• 3.Sans-culottes- working class men and women
  pushed the revolution into more radical action.
• 4. suffrage- the right to vote

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Key Terms

• 5.Nationalism- aggressive feeling of pride in
  ones country
• 6.Reign of Terror- Led by Robespierre, lasted
  form July 1793 July 1794. HE believed that
  liberty cannot not be secured unless criminals
  lose their heads. About 40,000 dies during the
  reign of terror by the guillotine seen as more
  humans than an axe.
• 7.plebiscite- ballot in which voters have a
  direct say on an issue.
• 8. annexed- land, countries added outright

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Religious Conflicts

• 9. Huguenots French Protestants. Wars between
  Protestants and Catholics 1560s-1590s
• 10. St. Bartholomew Day Massacre August 24, 1572
  Huguenot and Catholic nobles gathered to
  celebrate a wedding, violence erupted that led to
  the massacre of 3000 Huguenots. Leads to the
  breakdown of order in France
• 11. Henry IV 1589, Bourbon Prince, Huguenot
  leader (Henry of Navarre) became Catholic to
  avoid severe problems ruling a largely Catholic
  France. Set out to heal France. Government
  reached into every area of life. Reduced royal
  bureaucracy and reduced royal absolutism.
• 12. Edict of Nantes 1598 issued to protect
  Protestants. Granted religious toleration and
  let them fortify their own towns and cities.

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Change in Leadership

• 13. Richelieu After Henry IV fell victim to an
  assassin in 1610. 9 year old son Louis XIII
  inherited throne. 1604 Cardinal Armand Richelieu
  appointed as chief minister. Determined to
  destroy power of nobles and Huguenots. Defeated
  nobles private armies and destroyed fortified
  castles. Tied nobles to king by placing them in
  high positions in court and the army.
• 17. Louis XIV Inherited throne 1643 chief
  advisor died 1661, decided to rule alone.
  Believed in divine right -I am the state. Took
  the sun as his symbol. Came to be known as the
  Sun King. Ruled for 72 years

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The Unrest Begins

• 15. The Fronde- Uprising of Nobles, merchants,
  peasants, and urban poor each for their own
  reasons. Once drove boy king from palace.
• 16. Estates General- Representatives of all 3
  French classes clergy, nobles, townspeople.
  Consulted by king but never in position to rule
  like English parliament. Never called during
  Louis XIV reign. Never met between 1614 and 1789

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• 17. Intendants- Appointed by Louis, royal
  officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers
  and carried out his policies in the provinces.
  Army became strongest in Europe. State fed,
  paid, trained and supplied up to 300,000
  soldiers.
• 18. Jean Baptiste Colbert- Louis XIV chief
  finance minister. Mercantilist policies to
  strengthen economy and trade. New lands cleared
  for farming, encouraged mining and other basic
  industries. Put high taxes on imported goods to
  protect French manufacturers. Encouraged
  overseas colonies

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• 19. Versailles- Countryside near Paris. Palace of
  Louis XIV. Symbol of wealth and power. Housed
  10,000 people!
• 20. Wars of Louis XIV- Poured resources to expand
  French borders. Early wars gained territories,
  later wars were disastrous because rivals paired
  up to check French advances.

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Events of French Revolution

• 1. Storming of the Bastille
• 2. Declaration of the Rights of Man modeled
  after the American Declaration of Independence.
  Called for Liberty, Equality, Fraternity , to
  protect the natural rights of citizens. In it
  all men were born and remain free and equal in
  rights.
• 3. Dislike of Queen Marie Antoinette Let them
  eat cake.
• 4. Constitution of 1791 limited monarchy and
  Legislative Assembly
• 5. Fall of the Monarchy Louis XVI and Marie
  Antoinette fled Paris
• 6. Trial and Death of Louis XVI Citizen Capet
  ,and Marie Antoinette
• 7. Reign of Terror
• 8. The Directory- set up by the Constitution of
  1795, weak but dictatorial, held power from
  1795-1799
• 9. Napoleon takes power

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Why did the Revolution begin?

• 1. Corrupt leadership
• 2. Class inequalities between the Estates
• 3. Enlightenment Ideas
• 4. Huge government debt, poor harvests, rising
  cost of bread
• 5. Failure of Louis XVI to accept reforms
• 6. Storming of the Bastille