Vocational training in EU Countries

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Vocational training in EU Countries

• Involvement of the Social Partners?

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Germany

• A dual system

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• 403 - IVET at upper secondary education
  (school-based and alternance)
• FULL-TIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL (BERUFSFACHSCHULE)
• SENIOR TECHNICAL SCHOOL (FACHOBERSCHULE)
• SENIOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL (BERUFSOBERSCHULE)
• UPPER LEVEL OF THE GYMNASIUM WITH A VOCATIONAL
  BIAS (BERUFLICHES GYMNASIUM/FACHGYMNASIUM)
• (Berufliches Gymnasium) in some Länder and trade
  and technical grammar schools (Fachgymnasium) in
  others. They normally lead to the general higher
  education entrance qualification (Allgemeine
  Hochschulreife - Abitur).
• STUDENTS IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION BY
  PROGRAMME ORIENTATION (GENERAL/VOCATIONAL)
• 0404 - Apprenticeship training
• ENTERPRISES AS PLACE OF LEARNING
• VOCATIONAL SCHOOL AS PLACE OF LEARNING

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Denmark

• Dual -

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Figure 1 Flows in the Danish Education System
from Basic Schooling to Youth Education
General upper secondary education (gymnasium
Vocationally oriented upper secondary education
VET basic courses
VET main courses
Further and higher education
Non-qualifying courses
4.5
0.4
2.5
30
16
38.3
Exit Education system
Basic schooling 100
3.5
Source Uddannelse på kryds og tværs, UVM, 2004.
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Hungary

• A dual system?

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Apprenticeship training

• Apprenticeship training in Hungary as a form of
  practical training provided by an enterprise on
  the basis of a student contract (tanulószerzodés)
  concluded between the student and the enterprise
  is not a separate pathway in IVET. It is rather
  one form of delivering the practical training
  part of a vocational training programme provided
  within the school system available at
• upper secondary level in the VET grades of
  vocational schools (szakiskola, see section
  0403),
• post secondary level in the VET grades of
  secondary vocational schools (szakközépiskola,
  see section 0406), and
• (since January 2006) at tertiary level in higher
  level VET programmes (felsofokú szakképzés, see
  section 0407).
• Therefore, the structure, content and learning
  outcome of the vocational education and training
  of students participating in this kind of
  apprenticeship training is ultimately the same as
  that of other students studying in a vocational
  training school (szakképzo iskola, or a higher
  level VET course) who receive their practical
  training in the school workshop and/or at an
  enterprise based on a cooperation agreement

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Sweden

• A future dual system?

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IVET still a business for the national education
system - but

• Since the 1970s, there has not been any general
  apprenticeship (lärlingsutbildning) system in
  Sweden although the social partners have
  established their own systems for employees after
  upper secondary schooling in certain sectors
  (e.g. in the construction sector).
• There is broad agreement that there is a need for
  a better match between education and training
  outputs and labour market needs. It has also
  become increasingly clear that there has been too
  little emphasis on VET. To this end, the new
  government has stated its intention to reform the
  current integrated upper secondary schooling into
  three distinct programmes academic vocational
  and apprenticeship training. Although the new
  upper secondary system is not scheduled to launch
  until the autumn of 2010,