Prepared by Hans Huth

1
Biodiesel Background and BasicsAntecedentes y
Técnicas de Biodiesel
Image courtesy ofhttp//www.biodieselcommunity.or
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Prepared by Hans Huth Border Environmental
Coordinator Arizona Department of Environmental
Quality Coordinador Ambiental Fronterizo
Departamento del Medio Ambiente de
Arizonahuth.hans_at_azdeq.gov520-628-6711
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General BackgroundAntecedentes
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Census Census

• 2000 Census
• 159,787 residents
• Annual growth rate 4.9
• Unofficial estimates at 300 350K
• 87 maquiladoras
• 1000 new jobs (1/04)

Nogales
Nogales

• Census del 2000
• 159,787 residentes
• Crecimiento anual 4.9
• Estimados Actual 300 350 mil
• 87 maquiladoras
• Mil nuevos empleos (1/04)

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InfrastructureInfraestructura
Arizona
Sonora
Collectors
Main Interceptor
Nogales
Colectores
Emisor Central
40 Santa Cruz
Nogales Wash
Arroyo de Nogales
60 Los Alizos
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ConveyanceTransporte
International Outfall Interceptor (IOI) conveys
wastewater to the International Wastewater
Treatment Plant (IWTP).
Nogales Wash
Santa Cruz
El Emisor Principal transporta aguas residuals a
la Planta Internacional de Tratamiento de Aguas
Residuales (PITAR)
Arizona
Sonora
Mascarenas
Santa Barbara
Agua Zarca
Los Alizos
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Annual Pretreatment Report - 2004 Reporte Anual
de Pretratamiento 2004NOM-002-SEMARNAT-1996
Of the maquiladoras for which we have data De
las maquiladoras de la cual tenemos datos
2 maquilaodoras violated standards for Pb (gt 1.5
ppm) 2 maquiladoras tuvieron violaciones para Pb
(gt 1.5 ppm)
2 maquiladoras violated standards for Zinc (gt 9.0
ppm) 2 maquiladoras tuvieron violaciones para Zn
(gt 9.0 ppm)
11 maquiladoras violated stds for Oil and Grease
(gt 75 ppm) 11 maquiladoras tuvieron violaciones
para AyG (gt 75 ppm)
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Oil and Grease Aceite y Grasa
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TransesterificationTransesterificacion
Methanol
Lye
Glycerin
Ester
Ester
Methyl Ester
Methyl Ester
Ester
Methyl Ester
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Biodiesel Biodiesel

• Benefits
• Processing technology is relatively inexpensive
  and simple - 0.67 / gallon (0.19 / liter)
• May be blended with petroleum diesel
• Requires no diesel engine retrofitting for
  blends

• Beneficios
• - Tecnología para procesar es relativamente
  simple y barata - 0.67 / galón (0.19 / litro)
• - Se puede mezclar con petróleos de diesel
  existentes
• No requiere cambios a un motor de diesel para
  uso con mezclas

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Biodiesel Biodiesel

• Benefits
• EPA-recognized alternative fuel with relatively
  low emissions

Beneficios - Reconocido por la EPA como un
petróleo alternativo y de baja emisiones
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Biodiesel Biodiesel
Source EPA Website
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Biodiesel Biodiesel

• Benefits
• EPA-recognized alternative fuel with relatively
  low emissions
• Increased lubricity extends life of diesel
  engines

• Beneficios
• - Reconocido por la EPA como un petróleo
  alternativo y de baja emisiones
• Alta lubricidad extiende la vida de maquinas de
  diesel

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Biodiesel Biodiesel

• Benefits
• EPA-recognized alternative fuel with relatively
  low emissions
• Increased lubricity extends life of diesel
  engines
• Negligible power / torque loss relative to
  fossil fuels

• Beneficios
• - Reconocido por la EPA como un petróleo
  alternativo y de baja emisiones
• Alta lubricidad extiende la vida de maquinas de
  diesel
• Rendimiento es similar a petróleos fósiles

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Biodiesel Biodiesel
Torque (par de torsión) Nm
Power (Potenica) (kW)
Source University of Idaho cited in From the
Fryer to the Fuel Tank
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Biodiesel Biodiesel
Image courtesy ofhttp//www.journeytoforever.com

• Benefits
• EPA-recognized alternative fuel with relatively
  low emissions
• Increased lubricity extends life of diesel
  engines
• Negligible power / torque loss relative to
  fossil fuels
• Uses market incentives to solve a regulatory
  issue

• Beneficios
• - Reconocido por la EPA como un petróleo
  alternativo y de baja emisiones
• Alta lubricidad extiende la vida de maquinas de
  diesel
• Rendimiento es similar a petróleos fósiles
• - Usa incentivos del mercado para solucionar un
  problema de regulación

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Biodiesel Biodiesel
Image courtesy ofhttp//www.journeytoforever.com

• Impediments
• Sources in Nogales are poorly characterized
• Local collection infrastructure for oil and
  grease is non-existent
• No biodiesel refineries / expertise exist in
  Nogales

BORDER 2012 CAN HELP

• Barreras
• - Cuencas en Nogales no están bien caracterizadas
• No existe infraestructura local para la
  colección de aceite y grasa
• - Capacitación local en la creación de biodiesel
  no existe en Nogales

FRONTERA 2012 PUEDE AYUDAR
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The Biodiesel Capacity Building and
Demonstration Project -Ambos Nogales

• Goals
• Gather and map data on local sources of waste
  cooking oils.
• Establish and operate facilities for small scale
  testing / production.
• Use locally-produced biodiesel in (publicly
  owned) diesel vehicles.
• Conduct education and outreach regarding
  recycling.
• Develop a general plan for larger scale
  production.

Border 2012 Water Task Force90,000 Request with
15,000 Match
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The Biodiesel Capacity Building and
Demonstration Project -Ambos Nogales
Applicants Rio Rico Fire District (Mike Foster
Fire Chief) Bomberos de Nogales (Volunteer
Firefighters Nogales, Sonora) Instituto
Tecnologico de Nogales (Irma Fragosa) UA Dept of
Anthropology and Applied Research (Dr. Diane
Austin) Rio Rico Rentals Inc. (Mr. Gilbert Romero)
ADEQ will provide support with source
characterizationvia mapping of ITN survey. This
will help with Pretreatment Objectives for
Nogales, Sonora
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The Biodiesel Capacity Building and
Demonstration Project -Ambos Nogales

• Border 2012 Objectives
• Reduce Water Contamination Objective 1 Provide
  wastewater operation and maintenance (including
  pretreatment) training and program development
  for Mexican Communities.)
• Reduce Air Pollution Objective 1 Reduce air
  emissions via implementation of diesel reduction
  demonstration projects and implementation of
  biodiesel projects for Ambos Nogales.

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Source CharacterizationCaracterización de Cuencas
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(No Transcript)
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TransesterificationTransesterificacion
5 gr / l
15
? gr / l
20 25
Methanol
Lye
FFA
FFA
Glycerin
FFA
FFA
FFA
FFA
FFA
Ester
Ester
Ester
FFA
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WVO collected from local cafeteria.(used
recycled buckets which were originally used to
transfer and/or store chlorine tablets for pool
disinfection)
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Isopropyl Alcohol
Phenol Red
Syringe for 10 ml alcohol
Syringe for 1 ml WVO
WVO Sample
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Addition of 1 ml WVO to 10 ml alcohol 5 drops
phenol
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Appearance after titration(Must hold red color
for 30 seconds)
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3 ml
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TransesterificationTransesterificacion
5 gr / l
15
3 gr / l
20 25
Methanol
Lye
FFA
SOAP
FFA
Glycerin
FFA
FFA
SOAP
SOAP
FFA
SOAP
FFA
Ester
Ester
Methyl Ester
Methyl Ester
Ester
FFA
Methyl Ester
Severely burned oil requires more lye more
soapAceite re-quemado requiere mas NaOH mas
jabón
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(No Transcript)
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Small Scale ProductionProducción Industrial
Escala Baja
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Whirlpool 50 gallon Water heater
Anode
Hot H2O
Cold H2O
Junction Box
Temp / Pressure Relief Valve
Upper Element
Lower Element
Drain Valve
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http//www.biodieselwarehouse.com/
200.00Box of Parts
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Box of Parts from http//www.biodieselwarehouse.co
m
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Completed processor
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Biodiesel Bubblewash Lavando Biodiesel con Aire y
Agua
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Biodiesel Bubblewash Lavando Biodiesel con Aire y
Agua
Note H2O rinse entraining in bubbles and
settling
Aquarium pump
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Biodiesel Bubblewash Lavando Biodiesel con Aire y
Agua
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Small Scale ProductionProducción Industrial
Escala Baja
WashTank
Processor
Storage
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The Biodiesel Capacity Building and
Demonstration Project -Ambos Nogales

• Goals
• Gather and map data on local sources of waste
  cooking oils
• Establish and operate facilities for small scale
  testing / production
• Use locally-produced biodiesel in (publicly
  owned) diesel vehicles
• Conduct education and outreach regarding
  recycling
• Develop a general plan for larger scale
  production

Locally produced biodiesel scheduled for
blending(as B20) in ITN busses and Fire
Department emergency-response vehicles on both
sides of the line.
40
The Biodiesel Capacity Building and
Demonstration Project -Ambos Nogales

• Goals
• Gather and map data on local sources of waste
  cooking oils
• Establish and operate facilities for small scale
  testing / production
• Use locally-produced biodiesel in (publicly
  owned) diesel vehicles
• Conduct education and outreach regarding
  recycling
• Develop a general plan for larger scale
  production

Well be contacting local (US) biodiesel coops
(i.e. Tucson BBC and/or Grecycle.com)for
guidance and direction.
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Presentation available athttp//www.thegreenbeat
.comDonations of time, expertise, and/or
materials are welcome.Thank You!
Prepared by Hans Huth Border Environmental
Coordinator Arizona Department of Environmental
Quality Coordinador Ambiental Fronterizo
Departamento del Medio Ambiente de
Arizonahuth.hans_at_azdeq.gov520-628-6711
42
Slides for Q AOne Liter Experimental
BatchExperimento en Producción de un Litro
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JJ (C-100) Scale used to weigh out 8 gr NaOH
(Red Devil Lye)(5 gr 3 additional determined
from titration)
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Preparing Methoxide for one liter reaction.8 gr
NaOH (Red Devil Lye) 250 ml methanol (HEET)8
gr NaOH determined from titration(5ml NaOH
3ml of 0.1 NaOH to bring pH of WVO/Alcohol
solution to 8.5)
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Blending Methoxide with one liter WVO (WVO
heated to 60 degrees C prior to mix)
Candy thermometer for measuring temp of WVO
prior to pouring off in 1 liter bottle and
mixing with methoxide
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Appearance of reaction after 5 minutes
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Appearance of reaction after 24 hours
Biodiesel
Glycerin
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Experimental bubble-wash setup
Air regulator
Aquarium pump
Water layer used to wash biodiesel
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Experimental bubble-wash setup in action.Note
appearance of soap in wash.
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Biodiesel Bubblewash Lavando Biodiesel con Aire y
Agua
Note H2O rinse entraining in bubbles and
settling
Aquarium pump
51
Wash Water from first washing
Glycerin
Emulsification
Washed Biodiesel
Unwashed Biodiesel
Clear wash water test
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Considerations for UseConsideraciones para el Uso
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Biodiesel Biodiesel

• Precautions
• Viton recommended for 100 biodiesel in older
  vehicles
• Requires fuel filter maintenance given cleansing
  effects

• Precauciones
• Viton recomendado para 100 biodiesel en
  vehículos viejos
• Mantenimiento de filtros de petróleo dado
  efectos de limpieza

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Demonstration of Biodiesel Use Demostración del
Uso de Biodiesel
Invest 1800 in 1982 Mercedes Benz 240D w/
250,000 milesInversion de 1800 en un 1982
Mercedes Benz 240D con 402,300 km
Jan 1st, 2006 4400 miles logged on B99Enero 1,
2006 6400 km usando B99
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Demonstration of Biodiesel Use Demostración del
Uso de Biodiesel
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Fuel Return Hoses
1 inch (length) Fuel Line toHand Prime Pump(Not
visible here)
Fuel Lineto Fuel Injector Rail
Fuel Injector Rail
Fuel Lineto Main Fuel Filter
Primary Fuel Filter
Fuel Linefrom Fuel Tank
Main Fuel Filter
Hand Prime Pump
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Fuel Return Hoses
1 inch (length) Fuel Line toHand Prime Pump(Not
visible here)
Fuel Lineto Fuel Injector Rail
Fuel Injector Rail
Fuel Lineto Main Fuel Filter
Primary Fuel Filter
Fuel Linefrom Fuel Tank
Main Fuel Filter
Hand Prime Pump
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Fuel Return Hoses
1 inch (length) Fuel Line toHand Prime Pump(Not
visible here)
Fuel Lineto Fuel Injector Rail
Fuel Injector Rail
Fuel Lineto Main Fuel Filter
Primary Fuel Filter
Fuel Linefrom Fuel Tank
Main Fuel Filter
Hand Prime Pump
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Main Fuel Filter
Primary Fuel Filter
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Primary Fuel Filter After 740 miles on B20 and
675 miles on B100. Im uncertain as to howmany
miles were originally on this filter, but it did
not look like this prior to fueling with B20.
Consistency of tar
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Spill from new filter
Spill from old filter
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Demonstration of Biodiesel Use Demostración del
Uso de Biodiesel