Observatory System of Systems

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Observatory System of Systems
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Observatory Systems of Systems OVERVIEW

• Goal
• Leverage astronomical communitys plan to develop
  a
• synoptic survey telescope (LSST)
• interactive web-based access to massive
  archival databases (NVO)
• worlds premiere observation site and largest
  in-place telescope investment (Mauna Kea)
• wide-band remote access to telescopes,
  computing centers, and databases (Internet2)
• state-of-the-art high performance computing
  center (MHPCC)
• into a new model of a system-of-systems
  observatory that would generate a dramatic
  change in both
• how observational astronomy is conducted, and
• what we understand of our universe.
• Request
• 5M in FY-02 to provide developmental funding
  to capture a 200M out-year program for
  Hawaii-based organizations.
• FY-03 and 04 needed funding would be
  approximately 10M each year to bring the
  initiative to fruition.

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Observatory Systems of Systems Components

• Systems
• LSST - Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope
  (6.5M)
• NVO - National Virtual Observatory (Petabytes of
  data)
• Mauna Kea family of Observatories -
• Infrared Telescope Facility (3.0M)
• Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (3.6M)
• United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (3.8M)
• Keck I II (10M/10M)
• Subaru telescope (8.3M)
• Gemini North (8M)
• Maui Supercomputer Center (2.2 teraflops)
• Internet 2 (bandwidth)
• Observatory
• complex system of systemsfor which the
  telescopeand instrument isonly the front-end

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Observatory Systems of Systems Concept

• LSST - all sky survey
• NVO - archival reference
• Internet 2 - nodal connectivity
• MSC - change detection, dynamic database
• Mauna Kea - rapid detailed follow-up
• World-wide observatories - detailed follow-up
• Astronomical Community -
• professional - off-site participation
• educational - teaching resource
• amateur - database access
• IfA - Observatory System of Systems
  administration

Worldwide Observatories
AstrophysicalCommunity
Merge Astrophysical and Information Technologies
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Observatory Systems of Systems LSST - overview

• Parameters -
• Telescope Class - 6.5 meter class (50m2
  collecting area) , 3 deg FOV
• Instrument - 24 magnitude sensitivity, 50,000 x
  50,000 pixels
• Data Rate - 20,000 deg2/week, terabytes/day
• Data Storage - 1 petabyte
• Cost - 150M, funding - NSF/NASA/other
  non-government
• Area of Investigation
• opens up the field of time-domain astronomy -
  revolutionize knowledge of astronomical source
  that vary or move on short time-scales (e.g. -
  movies versus still photos)
• 10,000,000,000 objects within grasp, 10,000,000
  variable objects expected
• real-time data stream to astronomical community -
  professional, academic, amateur

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Observatory Systems of Systems LSST - knowledge
generation

• Asteroids / NEOs- 90 of 250-meter class within
  first decade, 100s/day to be detectioned-
  understand the origin, relationships, and fate of
  small bodies in the Solar System
• Kuiper Belt and Trans-Neptunian Objects- -
  10,000 orbital maps, complex dynamic structure,
  gross physical characterization
• Planet Search - - 100,000,000 stars investigated
  using occultation(gas-giants) and micro-lensing
  (Jupiter-size) planets
• Super Novas - discover 100,000 year, addresses
  question of heavy element abundance
• Galactic Halo - low-luminosity White Dwarfs of
  0.5 solar masses
• Dark Matter - - synthesize optics, software,
  high throughput data analysis to image and map
  non-luminous mater
• Active Galactic Nuclei - construct complete
  sample of types
• Celestial Archive - - Transients / temporal
  dimension- gamma ray burst (rising light curve),
  eclipsing binaries, lensed quasars, - Vast new
  discovery space of optical transients - unknown
  unknowns- Digital Sky Map - co-adding repeated
  scans to generate limiting magnitude of 26.5-
  Support observations at all wavelengths via
  participation in National Virtual Observatory

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Observatory Systems of Systems NVO

• National Virtual Observatory
• integration of all major astronomical archives
  into a interoperable system of federated
  multi-wavelength data bases
• exploit potential for scientific discovery
  afforded by LSST and other survey programs
• focus for development of capabilities that do not
  yet exist
• realize full potential of petabyte datasets
• establish statistical correlations, discover
  significant patterns and temporal variations
• understand complex astrophysical systems,
  interactive numerical simulations statistically
  complete multivariate bodies of data
• Tool Sets
• processing tera scale
• distributed storage petabyte
• image libraries 500,000,000 point sources /
  1,000,000 extended sources
• dynamic range 11 mag
• rapid querying of large scale catalogs real time
  collaboration
• software Digital Sky GIOD technologies, XSIL,
  new computational tools
• data analysis visualization multivariate patterns
• grid computing

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Observatory Systems of Systems Maui
Supercomputing Center

• Computational Characteristics of Observatory
  System of Systems
• Tera-byte / night of data
• process data-stream in near real-time
• detect, characterize, classify objects / events
• retrievable achieve - data structures
• Applications
• tuned-change detection algorithms
• scaling - data storage of worlds largest
  non-proprietary database
• real-time data mining / farming tool-set
• Access-query user-interface analysis
  data-visualization aids
• Functions
• Curator of existing data sets
• support multiple types of queries
• Interconnection to other NVO sites

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Observatory Systems of Systems Mauna Kea
Observatories

• Site Characteristics
• elevation
• favorable climatic conditions - smooth Pacific
  air flow, mountain dryness
• equatorial proximity - northern southern
  hemisphere viewing
• provides US astronomers with special advantage -
  generating leadership position
• significant infrastructure already in place,
  recent publication of site master plan (w/o LSST
  as tenant)
• Observation Capability
• - worlds largest observational site, most power
  collection of optical/infrared and sub-millimeter
  telescopes
• ___ of nations observation capability

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Observatory Systems of Systems Internet 2

• Accessibility - User Explosion
• Professional front-line astronomers, need breeds
  of archival astronomers
• The Public / Educational user
• Amateur
• Tool Set
• vBNS - very high speed backbone network service -
  OC192 / 9.6Gbps
• ATM - asynchronous transfer mode quality of
  service
• GigaPOP - regional high performance aggregation
  points
• Middleware - Glueworks
• Distributed Storage - Manoa as Infrastructure
  anchor point
• Remote Operations - GLOBUS
• Virtual Laboratories - AURA / SPARC
• Internet of the future - billions of Internet 2
  users, convergence applications, embedded
  systems, unknown killer apps
• Technology availability for critical Observatory
  System of Systems functions by 2005

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Observatory Systems of Systems Systems Concept

• DRIVER LSST
• ability to conduct all-sky survey with high
  sensitivity instrument
• good for IfA areas of inquiry
• ENABLERS NVO / MSC / Internet 2
• NVO technology/approaches to capturing,
  warehousing, mining, and disseminating data
• MSC - good mission fit, looking for strategic
  sponsor, currently has cycles-to-burn, ability
  to scale-up to LSST/NVO long-term demand
• Internet 2 - UH as node
• HARVESTER Mauna Kea Observatories (and others)
• ability to convert LSST/NVO alerts into new
  discoveries
• new paradigm for observational astronomy --
  near real-time response to celestial anomalies,
  vice attempting to predict where they might be
  observed

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Observatory Systems of Systems Technical Issues

• LSST
• site, telescope, instrument/detector, data
  processing, internal system operation
• hardware performance, software performance
• MSC / NVO (SOSO sub-set)
• terascale pipeline processing
• data acquisition, calibrations/registration, QA,
  pipelining, archiving, data mining, data farming,
  retrieval
• computational hardware / software /
• exchange protocols, cross-correlation tools,
  metadata standards
• data access layer, query and computing services,
  data mining, data farming,
• data analysis / visualization
• Mauna Kea Observatories
• LSST and Master Plan
• Internet II
• communication architecture VBNS, GigaPOP, GLOBUS
• System of Systems

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Observatory Systems of Systems Funding Issues

• Potential Funding conduits
• NASA, NSF, DOE
• DoD - Naval Observatory, NRL, AFRL/DE, NRO
• Private
• Near-Term Effort (with Congressional Support)
• bridge funding to jump-start Observatory System
  of Systems architecture development
• development of A-spec for LSST
• selected technology risk reduction
• Mid-Term (based on historical trends)
• National Research Council - Astronomy
  Astrophysics in the New Millennium
• 5th in a series of decadal reports
• 21 new equipment initiatives based on scientific
  merit, technical readiness, cost effectiveness
• 4.67B in scope
• SOSO 2 (under combined projects of LSST, NVO,
  WAVE)
• Trends -
• increase in international projects
• increase in university-based consortia to build
  and operate midsized-to-large telescopes
• general increase in the size of research groups
  pursuing large/long-term programs
• NASA - 60, NSF - 30, Private - 10

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Observatory Systems of Systems Cost Issues

• Long-term Funded program
• LSST
• telescope - 70M
• Instrumentation - EO 16M
• Instrumentation - IR 20M
• Operations (3M for 10 years) 30M
• NVO/MSC (SOSO/LSST element)
• Software 10M
• Hardware - Computational 5M
• Hardware - Storage (2M/year) 20M
• Hardware - Visualization 2M
• Hardware - Communication 3M
• Operations (2M/year for 10 years) 20M
• 196
• Near-Term Effort (FY-02 through 04)
• LSST technology development and A-Spec 15M
• NVO/MSC Architecture 10M

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Systems of Systems ObservatoryBack-up Slides
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Observatory Systems of Systems NEO Threat

• NEO - Near Earth Object Asteroids and
  Cometsextreme case of low-probability events /
  high-consequence effects
• Binzel Report (NAS Astronomy and Astrophysics
  Survey Committee)
• Population
• gt 1-meter, 1,000 20 discovered
• gt 100-meter, 150,000 1 discovered
• Earth Impact Rate
• 1KM 1 per 100,000 years 10,000 MT TNT
  energy release
• 100m 1 per 100 years 50 MT TNT energy
  release
• gt1 m 100,000 kg /day
• Historical Record of Cataclysmic Event
• Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction (65 million)
  mass extinction
• Tunguska, Siberia - (1908) 50m 10-20MT
  (gt100KM2 devastation)
• Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1999)
• Annual Hiroshima scale energies dissipate in
  atmosphere (earth shields upto 30-50M)
• Bottom-line 1 chance of severe
  regional damage in next century

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Observatory Systems of Systems New Approach to
Astronomy

• in the past, exploratory efforts in astronomy
  were constrained by the need to carefully select
  small samples, we can now imagine exploiting the
  revolution in computing and networking to
• - discover patterns revealed from analysis of
  statistically rich and unbiased image and/or
  catalog databases and from application of
  advanced visualization tools and,
• - deepen our understanding of complex
  astrophysical systems through sophisticated
  numerical simulations with the use of advanced
  statistical methods
• erase old barriers of time and distance in
  carrying out modern astronomical observations