Rocks

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Rocks
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• The three basic kinds of rocks

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• What are sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic?

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• Layers of shell, coral sand, mud or calcite
  crystals under pressure form these rocks

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• What are sedimentary rocks?

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• Lava filled with gas cools quickly or magma cools
  slowly to form these rocks

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What are igneous rocks?
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• Heat and pressure inside the Earth change rocks
  into these

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What are metamorphic rocks?
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• A person who studies rocks is called this

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• What is a petrologist?

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Minerals
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• The hardest and
• the softest minerals

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• What are diamond and talc?

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• Scratching a mineral on a tile to produce a color

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• What is the streak test?

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• Using a fingernail, penny, glass or steel nail to
  scratch a mineral is a way to test

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• What is the hardness test?

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• Also known as fools gold

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• What is (iron) pyrite?

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• Structures that have solid, regular shapes

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• What are crystals?

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The Earth
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• Layer where sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
  rocks and minerals are
  
• 10-70km thick

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• What is the crust?

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• Layer of solid iron and nickel 1400km thick

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• What is the inner core?

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• Layer of liquid iron and nickel 2100km thick
  5000 C

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• What is the outer core?

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• Largest layer made of dense rocks 2800-3200km
  thick

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• What is the mantle?

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• Source for hot springs and geysers

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• What is magma?

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Geologic Time
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• Era when the first humans existed Ice Age

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• What is the Cenozoic Era?

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• Era when Atlantic Ocean and Rocky Mts. formed
  dinosaurs lived and died

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• What is the Mesozoic Era?

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• Era when Appalachian Mts. formed first fish,
  amphibians, reptiles and land plants existed

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• What is the Paleozoic Era?

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• Era when the oldest life forms existed the Earth
  was mountain building

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• What is the Precambrian Era?

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• Land mass referred to as the super-continent

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• What is Pangaea?

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Miscellaneous

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• Natural substances with crystal structures and
  chemical compositions made of only one substance

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• What are minerals?

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• Rocks that are 2-6? in diameter spherical shape
  many have crystals inside

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• What are geodes?

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• The wearing away of land by wind, water and ice

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• What is erosion?

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• The process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces
  by the action of ice, water or temperature
  changes and chemical means

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• What is weathering?

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• A scientist who studies the Earths crust

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• What is a geologist?