EECS 233 Lightwave Systems

1
EECS 233 Lightwave Systems

• Instructor
• C. Chang-Hasnain

2
Lectures

• Lectures
• Mondays and Fridays 4 - 530, 299 Cory Hall
• Office Hours
• 1-2 Tuesdays and Thursdays 263M Cory Hall
• Or by appointments

3
Course Objectives

• Understand key design issues of optical
  communication link using optical fiber and free
  space
• Demonstrate capability to design a link for
  appropriate application requirements
• Example of application requirements
• Example of design considerations

4
Design Example

• Study of a metro ring
• Given demand, distances, fiber type, leased fiber
  cost and restoration requirement
• Restoration requirement
• You need to be able to restore service in under
  200 ms after any single fiber failure, span
  failure (all fibers between two adjacent
  offices), or after any single optical component
  failure.
• Examine the economics and functionalities for
  three cases
• OC48 only
• OC48 and OC192 mix
• OC192 only

5
Metro Ring
Demand Set in OC48
A B C D E F
A x 8 25 0 0 0
B x x 5 15 1 1
C x x x 5 10 10
D x x x x 5 5
E x x x x x 15

• Fiber is standard Corning SMF-28 fiber
  (dispersion and loss info given in class and HW
  before)
• Total length 118km
• Longest link 115km
• Amplifier can be for 4 or limited number of
  channels at lower price (use linear scale)

6
Hardware Considerations

• Power budget Can the signal make it through?
• Does it need amplification or regeneration?
• Link loss optical loss dispersion and other
  penalties pass through loss at each node
• OC48 vs. OC192
• Dispersion penalty
• Detectivity
• Laser modulation and power
• 50GHz vs. 100GHz channel spacing
• Wavelength plan
• Fiber plan

7
Optical Food Chain
Amazon, LLbean, GM,
UUnet, CW,
ATT, SBC, Level3,
Nortel, Ciena, Cisco,
JDS Uniphase, Agere,
8
Syllabus

• Optical Technology
• Lasers, Detectors, Fiber, Amplifiers, Modulation
  Scheme
• Basic System
• Link analysis, Dispersion and Power budget
• Multi-channel Systems
• Free-Space Communications

9
Grades

• 3-units
• The overall grade for the subject will be
  determined from
• 4 Problem sets (50)
• Classroom participation (10)
• One presentation (20) last week of instruction
• One term paper (20)
• Due on 12/9

10
Text and References

• Text
• Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, G. P. Agrawal,
  John Wiley and Sons
•  References
• Telecommunications, IV, I. Kaminow and T. Li
  (eds), published by Academic Press, 2002.
• Multiwavelength Optical Networks A Layered
  Approach, T. E. Stern and K. Bala, Addison-Wesley
• B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of
  Photonics, John Wiley and Sons
• Optical Networks A Practical Perspective, R.
  Ramaswami and K. Sivarajan, published by Morgan
  Kaufmann
• Other Required Material
• Material on free space optics will be made
  available later.

11
Optical Communications
3 D visualization
Virtual reality
SGI 16 processor Parallel computer
Router
PC cluster
12
Worldwide Fiber Deployment
Deploying Fiber at Mach 3
Optical Fiber

• Fiber is deployed at a rate of 2000 miles every
  hour

T. Li A.R. Chraplyvy, 2001
13
Service Network (Tier 1 Internet Service Provider)
Anchorage, AK
Seattle
Spokane
Portland
Portland
St. Paul
Minneapolis
Chicago
Albany
Syracuse
Cambridge
Rochester
Milwaukee
Wayne
Grand Rapids
Framingham
Providence
Providence
RollingMeadows
Stamford
Detroit
Glenview
Buffalo
White Plains
Bridgeport
Sacramento
Hartford
Philadelphia
Plymouth
Cedar Knolls
Altoona
NYC
Cleveland
Salt LakeCity
Pittsburgh
Omaha
Rochelle Pk
Silver Springs
Newark
Las Vegas
San Francisco
Columbus
San Francisco
Hamilton Square
Kansas City
Baltimore
New York City
Indianapolis
Denver
Arlington
Wash.DC
Cincinnati
San Jose
Richmond
Oakland
St Louis
ColoradoSprings
Louisville
Redwood City
Los Angeles
Raleigh
Albuquerque
Nashville
Sherman Oaks
OklahomaCity
Charlotte
Tulsa
Honolulu
SanBernardino
Los Angeles
Little Rock
Gardena
Anaheim
Columbia
Phoenix
San Diego
Gateway Node
Dallas
Atlanta
Ft. Worth
Backbone Node
Jacksonville
R
Remote GSR Access Router
Orlando
New Orleans
Austin
Houston
Tampa
Ojus
Fort Lauderdale
N X OC12
Miami
N X OC48
N X OC192
14
Figure of Merit for Transmission

• Bandwidth-distance product
• Throughput
• Bit error rate

15
Lightwave Evolution

• 1975 Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing
• 1980 0.8 um GaAs lasers, MMF, 45 Mb/s _at_ 10km
• 1987 1.3 um InGaAsP lasers, SMF, 1.7 Gb/s _at_ 50km
• 1990s 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, SMF, 2.5-10
  Gb/s _at_ 40km
• 1990s WDM, 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, EDFA,
  SMF, 2.5-10 Gb/s _at_ 300-10,000km repeater spacing
• 2002 64 WDM chx 10Gbps over 250,000 km span

16
The Revolution
17
The Arrival of Optical Revolution
18
Harnessing Optical Fiber Bandwidth
C L
19
Generic Optical Comm. System
Optical Transmitter
Comm. Channel
Optical Receiver
Input
Output

• Bandwidth
• Responsivity
• Sensitivity
• Noise
• Wavelength

• Loss
• Dispersion
• 4-Wave Mixing
• Noise
• Crosstalks
• Distortion
• Amplification

• Modulation Characteristics
• Power
• Wavelength

• Format
• Bandwidth
• Protocol

20
WDM Optical System
Frequency-registered transmitters
Receivers
Optical Fiber
Amp
Amp
40 - 120 km
Up to 10,000 km
?? 25 - 100 GHz (0.4 or 0.8 nm _at_ 1500 nm)