Title: Challenges of Integrated Transportation and Land Use Planning
1Challenges of Integrated Transportation and Land
Use Planning
- Reid Ewing
- Rutgers University
2The Challenges
- New Vision and Goals
- New Performance Measures
- Mutually Supportive Land Use Patterns-Transportati
on Facilities - Model Enhancements
- Implementing Mechanisms
3New Vision and Goals
4Floridas Definition of Sprawl
- (Rule 9J-5.003, Florida Administrative Code)
- Leapfrog or Scattered Development
- Ribbon or Strip Commercial Development
- Expanses of Low-Density or Single-Use Development
5Sprawl
6Sprawl
7Sprawl
8Sprawl vs. Walk Share to Work
9Sprawl vs. VMT per Capita
10Demand for Alternatives
- Changing American Demographics
- Desire for Community and Neighborliness
- Growing Frustration with Congestion
- Growing Interest in Health and Fitness
11Too Much Grass to Mow
12We Are Not European
13Charlotte Corridors and Wedges Plan
14It Can Happen
15New Performance Measures
16Commonly Used Performance Measures
17The Bible
Are these really the best measures for quality
of transportation service?
18Old Speed Paradigm - Roadway LOS
19New Paradigms
20TEA-21 Planning Factors
- Economic Vitality
- Accessibility and Mobility Options
- Safety and Security for all Users
- Environmental Protection, Energy Conservation,
and Quality of Life - Enhanced Modal Integration and Connectivity
- Efficient System Management and Operation
- System Preservation
21Oregons Transportation Policy Rule
- Rule requires MPOs to reduce VMT per capita by
10 over 20 years in metro areas with more than 1
million population, and by 5 over 20 years in
metro areas with 1 million or less population
22New Florida Law
- Multimodal Development District law allows local
governments to establish multimodal
level-of-service standards that rely primarily on
nonvehicular modes of transportation within a
district
23New Maryland Law
- Transportation Funding Areas Law requires the
Department of Transportation (DOT) to establish
measurable long-term and short-term performance
goals in designated smart growth areas for
increasing the systemwide share of trips by mass
transit, walking, bicycling, and high occupancy
vehicles
24Mutually Supportive Land-Use Patterns and
Transportation Facilities
25Rail Lines Without Riders
26Sidewalks Without Pedestrians
27Limits of New Urbanism
28Cognitive Dissonance
29The Future Belongs to Hybrids
30Megatrends
- In a relatively short time, the unified mass
society has fractionalized into many diverse
groups of people with a wide array of different
taste and values, what advertisers call a
market-segmented, market-decentralized society. - Naisbitt 1982
31Urban Refill
32Green Development
33Transit-Oriented Development
34Pedestrian Villages
35Hybrid Communities
36Hybrid Neighborhoods
37Model Enhancements
38Travel Demand Modeling Issue
- Conventional 4-step models are not sensitive to
effects of density, mix, and design on travel
behavior
39Differences in Travel Patterns
- Vehicle Ownership
- Home-Based Trip Productions
- Non-Home Based Trip Attractions
- Intrazonal Trips
- Transit Trips
- Walk Trips
- Peak Hour Factors
40TRANSIMS Framework
41LUTRAQ Study Area
42Different Future Land Use Patterns
43Less VMT (and Everything Else) with LUTRAQ
44Westside MAX Line -- Suburban TOD
45Land-Use Impacts
46Implementing Mechanisms
47Examples
- Adequate Public Facilities Requirements
- Transit-Oriented Development
- Context-Sensitive Highway Design
- Traffic Calming
- Access Management
- Regional Growth Management
48Change in VMT Per Capita (1990-99)
Baltimore 2.15
Orlando 3.95
Portland 4.64
49Florida Growth Management General Failure
501985 Concurrency Requirement
51Constant Reform Will They Ever Get It Right?
52Transportation and Land Use Study Committee
The state land planning agency and the
Department of Transportation shall evaluate the
statutory provisions relating to land use and
transportation coordination and planningand
shall consider changes to statutes, as well as to
all pertinent rules 1998 Florida Legislative
Session
53Oregon Growth Management Mixed Results
54Regulatory Tools
- Urban Growth Boundaries
- Density Targets
- Transportation Policy Rule
55Documented Accomplishments
- Stronger Downtown Employment Base
- Higher Suburban Densities
- Less Land Consumption
56Maryland Smart Growth Promising Alternative
57Inside and Outside Games
58Smart Growth Results
- The Good News
- 75 of new parcels are INSIDE PFAs
- Thru Rural Legacy and related POS projects,
committed 137 million over last 4 years to
permanently protect 54,000 acres. - In last 7 years, total MD acres protected
increased 40, from 589,000 to 825,000 acres - The Bad News
- 75 of acreage developed is OUTSIDE PFAs
- The average lot size OUTSIDE PFAs is 8 times the
size of lots INSIDE PFAs - County-specific performance varies widely
59Investments Altered by Smart Growth
5 BYPASSES
550 ACRE TRACT
2 DISTRICT COURTS
COUNTY BLDG.