Civil Society Perspective on Air Quality Management

1
Civil Society Perspective on Air Quality
Management

• Fakta, KPBB, Swisscontact, Indonesian Lead
  InformationCenter, KAWAT, WWF Indonesia, Kaukus
  Lingkungan Hidup Jakarta, Pelangi, Tra-DC,
  Indonesia Center for Environmental Law,
• Address 3rd Ranuza Building, Jalan Timor 10
  Menteng
• Jakarta 10340 INDONESIA
• Ph 62-21-3190 6807, F 62-21-315 3401,
• e-mail kpbb_at_kpbb.org, www.kpbb.org
  www.indonesian-lic.org

2
Air Pollution Disaster in Indonesia
Rapid urbanization, industrialization and land
clearing palm oil plantation (forest fire) in
Indonesia tend to cause chronic air pollution
problems
3
Indonesia Today Air Pollution

• Worsening ambient air quality
• Mostly major cities only have good day not more
  than 2 months. Source AAQM Report 2005
• Air quality conditions in some cities and
  industrial areas currently exceed its ambient air
  quality standards (AAQS)
• 70 from vehicular emissions
• Social and Financial Impact
• Increased respiratory diseases
• Health costs from air pollution.

Source AAQM Report 2005
Challenge high level of public awareness about
air pollution, but low commitment to improve air
quality
4
Health Effect (BLL Blood Lead Level)
Inverse Correlation BLL and IQ Point
Source KPBB/LIC/ITB, 2005
Bandung
Makasar
5
Health Effect PAH
6
Health Effect Benzena
7
Lead Content
8
Gasoline RON
9
ADO Sulfur Content
10
ADO C e t a n e I n d e x
11
Unleaded Gasoline Set back?

• Leaded gasoline phase-out nationwide since July
  2006
• But, why did Government recommend to use Ferrocen
  as octane booster additive on last November?
• No risk assessment, against Act No 23/1997 toward
  Environmental Management
• No technical trial,
• Contradictive and against Minister Decree No
  141/2003 toward Emission Standard for New Type
  Vehicle
• The Precautionary Principle, if an action or
  policy might cause severe harm to the public, in
  the absence of a scientific consensus that harm
  would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on
  those who would advocate taking the action.

• Do Not Use the Children of Indonesia to Carry Out
  the Next Experiment!
• (Michael P Walsh).

12
Vehicle Standard
Tabel Proses Adopsi Standar EURO 2 di Asia
13
Traffic and Transport Management

• Lack of Integrated Transport Planning and
  Land-use Planning
• Insufficient Public Transport
• Non Motorized Transport
• Carrying Capacity

14
Lack of Integrated Transport Planning and
Land-use Planning

• Instant policy, no environmental risk assessment,
  no feasibility study
• Inconsistence, contra productive

15
Insufficient Public Transport

• Unbalance (road base vs rail base, private
  vehicle vs public vehicle)
• Bias to business interest of automotive industry?

16
Non Motorized Transport

• No space for non motorized transport?

17
Carrying Capacity

• Maximum total number of vehicle in the city
  compare to length of road and carrying capacity
• Make longer and broader of road to solve the
  problem of traffic jump?

18
Stationary Source

• Environmental Risk Assessment
• Self Monitoring
• No periodically control
• Small Scale industry and smelter

19
Forest Fire

• Land Clearing (large scale land conversion)
• Transmigration
• Natural
• Agriculture

20
Law Enforcement

• Mobile source
• I/M and roadworthiness test (mandatory for public
  vehicle voluntary for private car (except
  Jakarta)
• Emission Standard for new type vehicle failed to
  be implemented cause unavailability of cleaner
  fuels.
• Inconsistence policy made failure the gaseous
  fuel for transport
• Stationary source
• No periodically control by official government
  (just implement self monitoring)
• Incomplete regulation on industrial emission
  standard.
• Forest Fire
• No political will to prevent and stop forest fire
• Unfinished litigation process in the case of
  forest firegt no deterrent effect.

21
Poverty and Air Pollution

• Poor people high risk (occupation, resident,
  malnutrition, uneducated).
• Air quality improvement program has not
  considered poverty as critical problem.
• Lack of access to resource.
• Polluters pay principle has not effectively
  implemented yet just a slogan.

22
Air Quality Management Integration of Functions
Policy
Legislation
Global Partnership
Monitoring
Enforcement
Public Participation
An effective air quality management needs to
integrate policy making, legislation, monitoring
and enforcement for fuel, emission standards,
technology, land use planning, IM and transport
management. In the implementation, it could be
accommodated the public participation and global
networking.
23
The challenges

• The air pollution at this present time is still
  being a threat for most regions in Indonesia
• Encourage of formal coordination to binding
  commitment and gain political will among stake
  holder
• Harmonize current regulation and continuing
  legislation process to complete regulation on air
  quality improvement effort.
• Capacity building to improve human capacity
• An effective budgeting to cover funding
  limitations
• Study on air pollution and poverty
• To raise public awareness gt affective

Thank You