Feed Analysis and Sampling

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Feed Analysis and Sampling

• Lawrence A. DHoostelaere, Ph.D.
• Senior Scientific Coordinator
• Division of Field Science
• Office of Regulatory Affairs
• US Food Drug Administration
• Lawrence.DHoostelaere_at_fda.gov

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Analysis

• Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC
  International 17th Edition
• AOAC 964.07 Chapter 4, page 50, 4.9.01 Microscopy
  of Animal Feed, Basic Microscopic Examination
• AOAC 970.09 Chapter 4, page 51, 4.9.03 Microscopy
  of Animal Feed, Identification of Animal Tissues
  and Mineral Constituents

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Organic Fraction

• floats and contains blood, muscle fibers,
  connective tissues, organ tissues, feathers, hoof
  and horn particles, fines thereof, all vegetative
  tissues from plants, and microbial residues

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Mineral Fraction

• mineralized materials sink these include bones,
  teeth, exoskeleton, fish scales, and glass, sand
  and other mineral materials

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Sample Size

• Bulk - Sixteen one-ounce sub samples combined in
  one whirl-pak bag.
• Retail Packages - one-ounce from each of sixteen
  retail packages combined in one whirl-pak bag.

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Domestic Products

• If the product does not contain the required
  caution statement, Do not feed to cattle or
  other ruminants.
• In the case of raw or bulk ingredients, invoices
  should be checked for the caution statement.
• Only pet food that is intended for retail sale
  and nonruminant laboratory animal feed are exempt
  from the caution statement requirement.

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Import Products from Known BSE Countries

• Industry 69 - Medicated Animal Feeds
• Industry 70 - Animal Feed (Non-medicated)
• Industry 71 - Byproducts for Animal Foods
• Industry 72 - Pet/Laboratory Animal Food

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Countries Listed in Import Alert 99-25

• Albania (AL), Andorra (AD), Austria (AT), Belgium
  (BE), Bosnia-Herzegovina (BA), Bulgaria (BG),
  Croatia (HR), Czech Republic (CS), Denmark (DK),
  Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (YU), Finland
  (FI), France (FR), Germany (DE), Greece (GR),
  Hungary (HU), Republic of Ireland (IE), Israel
  (IL), Italy (IT), Japan (JP), Liechtenstein (LI),
  Luxembourg (LU), former Yugoslav Republic of
  Macedonia (MK), Monaco (MC), Netherlands (NL),
  Norway (NO), Oman (OM), Poland (PL), Portugal
  (PT), Romania (RO), San Marino (SM), Slovak
  Republic (SK), Slovenia (SI), Spain (ES), Sweden
  (SE), Switzerland (CH), United Kingdom (GB)

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CVM Import Priorities

• 0
• According to Import Alert 99-25, the product
  listed in this category should not be allowed
  into US commerce since they contain ingredients
  of animal origin, regardless of species. Items
  listed as fish meal or some other type of marine
  animal meal are marked with a "0." According to
  the Import Alert, fish meal should be DWPE. We
  need to take into account the USDA certification
  process. Some of the products are marked with
  "0/2." These are products listed simply as fish
  food. Most fish food contains fish meal of some
  sort, and so should be DWPE, according to the
  Import Alert. However, if they are found NOT to
  contain fish meal, or other marine animal meal,
  then the sampling priority should be "2."

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• 1
• All products plainly described as being used in
  ruminant animals are included in this category.
  Animal feeds that have no description of intended
  species are also included, since the feed may
  potentially have intended use in ruminants. All
  of these products should be sampled.

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• 2
• This category generally represents animal feeds
  intended for non-ruminant animals (poultry,
  swine, horse, fish, etc.). Note that this
  category includes pet food, especially extruded
  and canned pet food. CVM is very concerned with
  the possibility of pet foods being diverted to
  ruminants, either directly or through salvagers.
  Other pet foods that are found to consist solely
  of unprocessed material (e.g. pet bird feed
  consisting of unprocessed seed) may not require
  sampling. The investigator should always keep in
  mind that our primary interest is in feeds that
  are in such a form to contain processed meals of
  animal origin. Feeds consisting of whole grains
  and seeds are unlikely to contain processed meal
  of animal origin, and are not strong candidates
  for sampling.

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• 3
• This category is a little more general and
  includes processed animal feed ingredients, and
  feed additives that are not well described. The
  products in this category are meant to include
  products that are too general in description to
  allow the investigator to readily determine the
  nature of the product. Based on the product
  description, the ingredient or additive may very
  well contain processed meal of animal origin.
  After examining the product, the investigator
  should make a visual determination as to whether
  the product could possibly contain meat and bone
  meal and is thus a candidate for sampling.

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• 4
• The interest in this category is based more on
  whether the products are properly coded, rather
  than obtaining actual samples. This category
  contains products that are plainly described as
  containing specific vitamins, minerals, gums,
  additives, and flavorings. While the sampling
  assignment is based on obtaining product samples
  for determining the presence of animal tissues,
  the assignment also allows for the opportunity of
  determining whether processed meals of animal
  origin are intentionally (or unintentionally)
  being coded with the wrong product code. After
  examining the product, the investigator should
  make a visual determination as to whether the
  product could possibly contain meat and bone meal
  and is a candidate for sampling. CVM anticipates
  that most of the products in this category would
  not be viable candidates for sampling. Most of
  the benefit is derived from determining whether
  the processed meal of animal origin has been
  given the wrong product code.

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• 5
• The category represents product descriptions that
  should not be considered under either the Import
  Alert nor the Sampling assignment. The products
  marked in this listing consist of bulk drugs,
  Type A drug articles, herbal-type products
  intended marketed with health claims and intended
  for non-food animals, human foods, and other
  products plainly not subject to the product codes
  described in Import Alert 99-25. Most of the
  products in this category have been given the
  wrong product code by the import broker,
  according to the product description. The
  products in this category should not be sampled,
  unless examination of the product reveals
  otherwise.

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Sample Preparation

• These samples should not require any special
  temperature conditions or shipping containers.
• Collection reports should provide adequate
  guidance.

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Import by CVM Rank

• 0 Rank 25 Shipments 0.67
• 1 Rank 180 Shipments 4.83
• 2 Rank 533 Shipments 14.30
• 3 Rank 438 Shipments 11.75
• 4 Rank 464 Shipments 12.45
• 5 Rank 1359 Shipments 36.46

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Import by CVM Rank (Cont.)

• 0/2 Rank 676 Shipments 18.14
• 0/3 Rank 23 Shipments 0.62
• 0/5 Rank 22 Shipments 0.59
• Other Rank 7 Shipments 0.19
• Total Shipments between October 1, 2001 and
  September 30, 2002 equals 3,727.

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Shipments by Industry

• Industry 69 Shipments 131 3.51
• Industry 70 Shipments 905 24.28
• Industry 71 Shipments 473 12.69
• Industry 72 Shipments 2218 59.51
• Fiscal 2002 October 1, 2001 through September 30,
  2002

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89 of Shipments are from 8 Countries

• Belgium 233 Shipment 5.98
• Germany 1032 Shipments 27.68
• Denmark 205 Shipments 5.50
• Spain 212 Shipments 5.69
• France 154 Shipments 4.13
• United Kingdom 375 Shipments 10.06
• Japan 735 Shipment 19.72
• Netherlands 395 Shipments 10.60

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Samples Collected 71009 and 71R844 Domestic and
Import
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Results

• No animal tissue found - No action indicated (Lab
  Class 1)
• Animal tissue found - Regulatory action not
  indicated (Lab Class 2) or adverse findings (Lab
  Class 3)
• Clearly state what animal tissues were found, how
  many fragments/particles, and approximate size

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Sample Analysis Results

• 5 Lab Class 2
• Remainder Lab Class 1
• All Lab Class 2 samples were found to contain
  fish bones and or scales.
• 1 sample was pet cat food and the remainder were
  pet fish food.

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Samples from Non-BSE

• All samples were Lab Class 1
• 4 Peoples Republic of China
• 2 Taiwan 1 Mexico
• 21 Canada 4 Brazil
• 1 Iceland 11 USA