LaTeX, BibTeX

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LaTeX, BibTeX FarsiTeX

• Yasser Ganji Saffar
• ganji_at_ce.sharif.edu
• Computer Engineering Department
• Sharif University of Technology

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Outline

• LaTeX
• Bibliographies BibTeX
• TeX tools
• IEEEtran
• FarsiTeX

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1.1 Introduction to LaTeX

• The history of TeX
• Donald Knuth, 1978
• Everyone could easily use to typeset documents,
  particularly those that include formulae.
• Made it freely available.
• The history of LaTeX
• Leslie Lamport, wrote a variant of TeX called
  LaTeX.
• Focuses on document structure rather than TeX
  small details
• Strong when working with mathematical symbols
• Currently it is the standard of typesetting.

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1.1 Introduction to LaTeX (contd.)

• LaTeX is not a WYSIWYG word processor!
• not to worry too much about the appearance
• but to concentrate on getting the right content.
• For example
• You only need to mention that a statement is the
  title of the document.
• You dont need to mention the font, size, for
  title.

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1.2 Documents Components

• Every LaTeX document must contain the following
  three components
• \documentclassarticle
• \begindocument
• \enddocument
• In Latex commands generally
• required information is included in braces
• optional information is included in square
  brackets .

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An Example

• \documentclassa4paper,11ptarticle
• \begindocument
• This is a simple latex file.
• \enddocument

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Document Classes Options

• Classes
• article
• report
• book
• slides
• Options
• 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
• a4paper, letterpaper,
• onecolumn, twocolumn

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1.3 Error Messages

• Since LaTeX will stop after any \enddocument
  command, a good strategy is to insert
  \enddocument temporarily to see if the error is
  above its location.

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1.4 Verbatim Environment

• Maybe, you have to type LaTeX commands as part of
  your text.
• Surround any text that you want printed as is
  with a \beginverbatim and an \endverbatim
  command.
• For example
• \beginverbatim
• include
• int main()
• return 0
• \endverbatim

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Document Structure

• Page Numbering and Headings
• Creating a Title Page
• Sections
• Cross-References
• Table of Contents
• Abstracts
• Footnote

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2.1 Page Numbering and Headings

• The command \pagestyle controls page numbering
  and headings. It can take the following forms
• \pagestyleplain
• Just a page number
• \pagestyleempty
• Produces empty heads and feet - no page numbers .
• \pagestyleheadings
• Prints the chapter or section name, and the page
  number in the heading and footer would be empty
• \pagestylemyheadings
• You specify what is to go in the heading with the
  \markboth or the \markright commands
• These commands can also be applied to a single
  page using \thispagestyle instead of \pagestyle.

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2.2 Creating a Title Page

• \documentclassarticle
• \titlesome title
• \authorsome name
• \datesome date
• \begindocument
• \maketitle

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2.3 Sections

• There are two related commands for creating
  sections
• \sectionsectiontitle
• \sectionsectiontitle
• They provide information to LaTeX in case you
  want to create a Table of Contents.
• \subsectiontitle
• \subsubsectiontitle

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2.4 Cross-References

• Use \labelname to label the point in your
  document with some mnemonic.
• Section \refname to refer to that point.
• \refname will be replaced by the number of the
  section containing the corresponding \label
  command.
• You will need to run LaTeX twice to generate
  these references.

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2.5 Table of Contents

• If you have been using \section commands
  throughout your document, then LaTeX has all the
  information that it needs to construct one for
  you.
• Place the command \tableofcontents after your
  \begindocument command.
• It may be necessary to run LaTeX twice on a
  document with a Table of Contents.
• If you have question marks instead of page
  numbers in your Table of Contents, run LaTeX
  again.

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2.6 Abstracts

• To create an abstract, place your text in an
  abstract environment, i.e., between
  \beginabstract and \endabstract commands.
• The abstract should come immediately after your
  \maketitle command, but before any
  \tableofcontents command.

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2.7 Footnote

• Using \footnoteyour footnote message
• For example
• in ICMP\footnoteInternet Control Message
  Protocol

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Mathematical Typesetting

• Mathematical Formulas
• Greek Letters
• Exponents and Subscripts
• Above and Below
• Fractions
• Functions
• Sums, Integrals, and Limits
• Roots
• Text in Math Displays
• Operators
• Relations
• Negated Symbols

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3.1 Mathematical Formulas

• There are two ways to insert mathematical
  formulas into your document with LaTeX
• Is to have it appear in a paragraph with text().
  
• Is to have them appear in a separate
  paragraph().
• \alpha is the first letter of the Greek
  alphabet.
• \fracxn-1x-1 \sum_k0n-1xk

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3.2 Greek Letters
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3.3 Exponents and Subscripts

• Use the character to create exponents
• If you have an exponent containing more than one
  character, group the exponent characters inside
  braces.
• x21 \ne x21
• Similarly, subscripts are created using the
  underscore character.
• x_21 \ne x_21

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3.4 Above and Below

• \overline
• \overbrace
• \underline
• \underbrace

• \left(
• \beginarrayc
• mn\\
• m
• \endarray
• \right)
• \frac(mn)!m!n!
• \frac
• \overbrace(mn)(mn-1)\cdots(n1)\mboxm
  factors
• \underbracem(m-1)\cdots 1_\mboxm factors
• while \overlinex\overliney
  \overlinexy

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3.5 Fractions

• Diagonal fraction bar a/b
• Horizontal fraction bar written as
  \fracnumeratordenominator.
• \fraca/b-c/de/f-g/h

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3.6 Functions

• LaTeX uses italics in math mode.
• Roman (non-italic) for function names.
• Use a backslash in front of function names.

• Here is a list of function names
• \arccos \arcsin \arctan \arg
• \cos \cosh \cot \coth
• \csc \deg \det \dim
• \exp \gcd \hom \inf
• \ker \lg \lim \liminf
• \limsup \ln \log \max
• \min \Pr \sec \sin
• \sinh \sup \tan \tanh

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3.7 Sums, Integrals, and Limits

• Summations and integrals both have lower and
  upper limits, and the commands are similar.
• Limits usually have text with an arrow placed
  below them.
• \lim_x\rightarrow 0 \frac\sin xx 1
• \sum_k0\infty\frac(-1)kk1
  \int_01\fracdx1x

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3.8 Roots

• Use the \sqrt command to produce square roots
• \sqrt\fracab
• If you need an nth root, use \sqrtn instead.
• \sqrt10\fracab

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3.9 Text in Math Displays

• Use the command \mboxyour text here to include
  short phrases in a formula.
• \int_02\pi\cos(mx)\,dx 0 \hspace1cm
• \mboxif and only if \hspace1cm m\ne 0

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3.10 Operators
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3.11 Relations
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3.12 Negated Symbols
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Spacing

• Spacing Between Words
• Double Spacing
• Horizontal Vertical Spacing

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4.1 Spacing Between Words

• LaTeX controls the spacing of your document,
  trying hard to break lines in places that are
  pleasing to the eye.
• one blank space a million blank spaces.
• Tabs are treated like blank spaces.
• Blanks at the end of a line are ignored.
• A single Enter is treated like a blank space.
• More than one Enter marks the beginning of a new
  paragraph.

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4.2 Double Spacing

• There will be times when you will need to submit
  a draft that is double-spaced, to permit a grader
  or editor to make comments.
• To double-space a paper, put this in your paper's
  body
• \setlength\baselineskip2\baselineskip

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4.3 Horizontal Vertical Spacing

• Use \hspacelength for horizontal space.
• Here the length must include a unit, such as
  1.5in or 2.3cm.
• Use \vspacelength for vertical space.

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Accents and Font Style

• Accents
• Hyphenation
• Quotation Marks
• Changing the Appearance of Words
• Size of Words

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5.1 Accents

• \hata,
• \dota,
• \ddota,
• \tildea,
• \bara,
• \veca
• LaTeX can also produce the following accents

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5.2 Hyphenation

• There are four hyphens in LaTeX
• - (a single dash) is for hyphenating words.
• -- (two dashes) is for ranges of numbers.
• --- (three dashes) is for an honest-to-goodness
  dash between words.
• - is a minus sign in math mode.
• For example
• My cousin-in-law lived in Germany in 1995--6 he
  speaks French---really, he does. His favorite
  number is -2.

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5.3 Quotation Marks

• Use (usually on the left side of the keyboard)
  to begin a quotation
• And (It is two characters that is usually
  on the right side of the keyboard) to end a
  quotation.
• For example, This is a quote.

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5.4 Appearance of Words

• Use \underlinephrase to underline a phrase.
• Use \textbfphrase or \bf phrase to print a
  phrase in boldface.
• Use \emphphrase to italicize a phrase.

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5.5 Size of Words

• \Huge Huge
• \huge huge
• \Large Large
• \large large
• normal
• \small small

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Tables Arrays

• Constructing Arrays
• Constructing Tables

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6.1 Constructing Arrays

• Surround the entries with a \beginarrayjustific
  ation command and an \endarray command.
• Separate column entries by an . And end each
  line with a \\.
• If your array is a matrix, you can surround it
  with large parentheses
• \left( and \right).

• For example
• \left(
• \beginarrayrcl
• \alpha\beta\gamma\\
• \delta\epsilon\zeta\\
• \eta\theta\iota\\
• \endarray
• \right)

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6.2 Constructing Tables

• For example
• \begintabularrcl
• \hline
• Right Center Left\\
• \hline
• alpha beta gamma\\
• delta epsilon zeta\\
• eta theta iota\\
• \hline
• \endtabular

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Multi-line Equations

• Multi-line Equations
• Dots
• Indenting

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7.1 Multi-line Equations

• Surround the equations by \begineqnarray and
  \endeqnarray.
• Surround the equals sign or inequality with 's,
  and end each line with \\.
• No for with this environment.
• For example,
• \begineqnarray
• 12\ldotsn \frac12((12\ldotsn)(n\l
  dots21))\\
• \frac12\underbrace(n1)(n1)\ldots(n
  1)_\mboxn copies\\
• \fracn(n1)2\\
• \endeqnarray

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7.2 Dots

• \cdots for center height dots.
• \ddots for diagonal dots, which occur in
  matrices.
• \ldots for lower height dots.
• \vdots for vertical dots.
• For example
• \left(
• \beginarrayccc
• a_11\cdotsa_1n\\
• \vdots\ddots\vdots\\
• a_m1\cdotsa_mn
• \endarray
• \right)

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7.3 Indenting

• The default for a LaTeX document is to indent new
  paragraphs unless the paragraph follows a section
  heading.
• If you want to change the indentation, use the
  \indent and \noindent commands respectively, at
  the beginning of the paragraph.
• If you wish to choose the amount of indentation
  for some reason, then use the command
• \setlength\parindentsize of indentation
• Since this is a command that affects the whole
  document, it should go in the preamble, between
  the \documentclass and \begindocument commands.

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Text Formatting

• Centering Text
• Extended Quotation
• Bulleted Lists
• Numbered Lists
• Filling a Line

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8.1 Centering Text

• By default, LaTeX will start all text at the left
  margin.
• If you want to center a title, a table, etc.,
  surround what you want centered with the
  commands
• \begincenter and \endcenter.

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8.2 Extended Quotation

• If you are going to include an extended quotation
  from another source, it is important to indicate
  the difference between the quotation and your
  words.
• In LaTeX, surround the
• quotation with \beginquote
• and \endquote.

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8.3 Bulleted Lists

• To create a bulleted list, surround the
  information with a \beginitemize and an
  \enditemize, and begin each item with an \item.
• For example,
• \beginitemize
• \item A bulleted item.
• \item Another bulleted item.
• \beginitemize
• \item A nested bulleted item.
• \enditemize
• \item You get the idea.
• \enditemize

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8.4 Numbered Lists

• To create a numbered list, surround the
  information with a \beginenumerate and an
  \endenumerate, and begin each item with an
  \item.
• For example,
• \beginenumerate
• \item A numbered item.
• \item Another numbered item.
• \beginenumerate
• \item A nested numbered item.
• \endenumerate
• \item You get the idea.
• \endenumerate

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8.5 Filling a Line

• If you want a spacing in a line that will push
  the surrounding words to the left and right
  margins, use the \hfill command.
• If instead of spacing, you want either dots or a
  line, use \dotfill or \hrulefill, respectively.

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9. Including Graphics

• Put \usepackagegraphicx before
  \begindocument.
• \beginfigure
• \centering
• \includegraphicswidth14cmsample.jpg
• \captionA Sample Image
• \labelfigsample
• \endfigure

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Bibliography BibTeX

• Introduction
• Styles
• BibTeX

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Bibliographies

• LaTeX provides a mechanism for automatically
  linking citations with items in the bibliography.
  
• Surround the bibliography with \beginthebibliogra
  phy99 and \endthebibliography.
• With the bibliography in place, a citation in the
  body of the document is made with \citelabel,
  where label is the same as what occurs in the
  corresponding \bibitemlabel.
• What is the 99 in \beginthebibliography99
  for? It is a dummy number indicating how many
  digits to leave space for in the numbering of the
  bibliography.

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BibTeX

• _at_articleGanji2005,
• author Y. Ganji Saffar and H.
  Abolhassani",
• title "A Sample IEEE document",
• journal IEEE transactions on Web
  Services,
• volume "20",
• month nov,
• year 2005",
• pages "569-571"

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BibTeX items

• _at_article
• An article from a journal or magazine.
• _at_book
• A book with an explicit publisher.
• _at_booklet
• A work that is printed, but without a named
  publisher.
• _at_conference
• A conference article.
• _at_phdthesis
• A PhD thesis.
• _at_manual
• A technical documentation.
• _at_misc
• Use this type when nothing else ts.

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BibTeX Collections

• You can have a large BibTeX database and in each
  one of your documents reference to some parts of
  it.
• Use \nocitelabel when you want to have an item
  in your bibliography although you do not have a
  reference in your document.

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Bibliography Styles

• plain
• alpha
• unsrt
• abbrv

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Bibliography Styles - plain

• Entries are sorted alphabetically and are
  labelled with numbers

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Bibliography Styles - alpha

• Like plain, except that entry labels are formed
  from the authors' names and the year of
  publication.

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Bibliography Styles - unsrt

• Like plain, except that entries appear in the
  order of their first citation.

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Bibliography Styles - abbrv

• Like plain, except that entries are more compact
  because first names, month names and journal
  names are abbreviated

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TeX tools

• Windows
• WinEdt
• TeXnicCenter
• Linux
• Use the following series of commands
• latex filename.tex
• bibtex filename.tex
• latex filename.tex
• latex filename.tex

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WinEdt
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TeXnicCenter
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IEEEtran

• Class Options
• Text size
• 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
• Modes
• conference, journal, technote, peerreview,
  peerreviewca
• Paper size
• letterpaper, a4paper
• Columns
• onecolumn, twocolumn
• Bibliography Style IEEEtran
• IEEEtran.cls and IEEEtran.bst must be on the same
  directory of your TeX file (these are available
  on the course page).

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\documentclassconferenceIEEEtran 8 pages
\documentclassarticle 19 pages
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conference
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journal
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technote
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peerreview
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FarsiTeX

• Based on LaTeX 2.09 (too old)
• Use \documentstylefarsiarticle instead of
  \documentclassarticle
• Undo is not supported in the current editor (
• You can not copy the content to Windows
  clipboard.

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Inserting Pictures (1/2)

• Convert your picture file to .eps format.
• In Windows
• jpeg2ps.exe sample.jpg sample.eps
• jpeg2ps.exe is available on course page.
• Often the quality of .eps files is dramatically
  low, so if you want to have a high quality result
  the resolution of your JPG file must be high.
• In Linux
• convert sample.jpg sample.eps
• Convert converts an input file using one image
  format to an output file with a differing image
  format.

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Inserting Pictures (2/2)

• Insert the following codes

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Margins
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Bibliography

• BibTeX is not supported (

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References Links

• LaTeX Tutorial, Jeff Clark, Revised February 26,
  2002
• Some Examples of Using LaTeX(first draft) ,
  Samuel R. Buss, May 15, 1996
• Introduction to the LaTeX Document Preparation
  System, Information Technology Rice University
• LaTeX, Henry Stern Carrie Gates, October 22, 2002
• http//abel.math.harvard.edu/computing/latex/manua
  l/
• http//www.latex-project.org
• http//www.farsitex.org
• http//ce.sharif.edu/ghodsi

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The End