Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications Worldwide

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Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications
Worldwide

• Presentation to IV2000
• October 3, 2000
• Richard Bishop
• Richard Bishop Consulting
• www.ivsource.net

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IV Activity is Ramping Up

• Telematics is exploding
• Information Layer -- in-vehicle information
• Driver Assistance systems entering market
• Control Layer -- helps driver drive more
  safely, productively, efficiently
• Long term RD in Advanced Driver Assistance
  Automated Driving ongoing
• Results from significant activity in trucks,
  buses, special vehicles can flow to the passcar
  platform

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IV Activity Worldwide The Players

• Automotive / truck OEMs and suppliers worldwide
• Publicly-funded programs in Asia, Europe, North
  America

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IV Players Worldwide Americas

• USDOT Intelligent Vehicle Initiative
• Federal Transit Administration Bus Rapid Transit
  program
• USDOD autonomous military vehicles
• University research California PATH, U. of
  Minnesota, Ohio State University
• Advanced transit concepts in Mexico, Brazil

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IV Players Worldwide Asia

• Japan
• Ministries of Construction, Transportation,
  International Trade Industry
• Advanced Cruise-Assist Research Association
  (AHSRA)
• Korea Korea Highway Corporation and Korea
  University
• Singapore -- advanced transit concepts
• Industrial automation in Australia

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IV Players Worldwide Europe

• Europe
• European Commission projects
• 5th Framework Research Program
• Projects include public and private sector
  participants from major countries
• National level programs in France, Germany,
  Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, UK

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Driver Assistance Systems

• Night Vision
• Adaptive Cruise Control
• Collision Warning
• Collision Avoidance
• Driver Impairment Monitoring
• Advanced Driver Assistance
• Cooperative Infrastructure
• Automated Driving

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Driver Assistance SystemsNight Vision
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Driver Assistance Systems Adaptive Cruise
Control

• ACC Foot-free driving
• Now on the market for 1500-2000
• Trucks US (2000)
• Cars Japan (1997), Europe (1999), US (2000)
• Arizona considering opening HOV lanes to
  Intelligent Vehicles, to incentivize public to
  adopt systems

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Driver Assistance Systems Adaptive Cruise
Control

• Next generation
• stop-n-go traffic operation
• intelligent infrastructure
• sensing external factors and communicating to
  vehicle ACC
• now beginning international standards process

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Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Heavy Trucks

• Heavy trucks are where the market action is
• Roughly 50,000 heavy trucks equipped with
  Eaton-Vorad radar-based system
• covers forward zone and right blind spot
• selling thousands per year
• accident reductions of 50 or greater reported
  for some fleets
• Lane departure warning entered heavy truck market
  in 1999
• based on image processing
• first on Mercedes trucks (Europe), followed by
  Freightliner (Iteris system)
• now a factory option from Kenworth (SafeTRAC)
• suitable for automotive aftermarket

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Assistwares Lane Departure Warning System
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Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Transit Buses

• Performance Specs in Development
• Forward Collision Warning
• San Mateo (Ca.) transit system with Calif. PATH
• Rear Impact CW
• Ann Arbor Transit with Veridian
• Lane Change / Merge CW
• Pittsburgh Transit (100 buses) with Carnegie
  Mellon
• also initial research in Pedestrian Detection /
  Avoidance

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Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Automotive (1)

• Adaptive Cruise Control systems are edging in
  this direction
• Ford signed agreement with Iteris for Lane
  Departure Warning Systems for MY2003
• Japan SmartCruise systems
• CW for forward obstacles/vehicles, road/lane
  departure, intersections, crossing paths,
  pedestrians, road condition
• Systems also take control if driver does not heed
  warning
• Major demo Nov 28 - Dec 1 near Tokyo

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Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Automotive (2)

• USDOT-Industry Joint Pre-competitive Enabling
  Research agreement in the works
• Ford, GM, DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Toyota
  Navigation Technologies
• Key focus areas
• Enhanced digital maps to augment collision
  warning systems
• Develop driver workload performance metrics
• Additional work in test methodologies for CW

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Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning for
Specialty Vehicles

• Magnetic lane marking enables snowplow operations
  in zero visibility (Ca, Az, Mn)
• Will car/truck products emerge to use
  magnet-marked roads?
• Magnetic lane marking tape and vehicle system
  recently commercialized by 3M (Lane Awareness
  System)

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Lane Awareness System Sensor Bar on Snowplow
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Driver Assistance Systems Collision Avoidance

• Activity in forward CA, vehicle dynamics control,
  lane departure prevention, ACC w/brake actuation
• US Infrastructure Consortium looking at
  intersection collision avoidance techniques
• NHTSA-GM 35M cost-shared project ACAS
• using radar, vision for forward sensing
• extensive algorithm development, vehicle
  integration, human factors (warnings), data
  collection, evaluation
• naturalistic test with ten Buick LeSabres starts
  in 2002
• Major benefits in congestion relief
• most of non-recurring congestion due to
  fender-benders

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Driver Assistance SystemsImpairment Monitoring

• Technology exists to monitor driving performance
  physiological factors
• Technology Approaches
• Ocular measures -- image processing,
  eye-tracking
• Doppler radar illumination of face/body
• Head movement monitoring using capacitor plates
• Stereo image processing of eyes/face/head
• Lane-keeping steering input patterns

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HeadtrakProximity Array Sensing System
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Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

• Co-Pilot functions will continue to emerge
• Stop-n-go ACC for congested traffic (2003)
• Lane keeping on freeways (2004)
• The Killer App Low Speed Automation!
• Automated throttle, brakes, steering in tedious
  stop-n-go traffic
• being developed in Europe, Japan
• availability as early as 2005 overseas, 2007 in
  U.S.??

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Automated Driving Simply a Matter of Time

• Hands-off, feet-off driving customers want it
• Demonstrated in 1997 by National Automated
  Highway System Consortium
• Basic system capability exists
• machine intelligence machine perception now
  being refined by researchers (California PATH,
  Ohio State U., France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
  Korea)
• must transform into an affordable, trustworthy
  product
• Bishop prediction available in 2010
• Revolutionary changes in societyltgttravel

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Automated DrivingPassenger Cars (1)

• California PATH work continuing since Demo 97 to
  refine algorithms, hardware for both cars and
  heavy trucks
• Mechanical Engineering Lab (Japan)
• cooperative driving using 5.8 GHz DSRC
  intervehicle communication, DGPS, machine vision,
  radar, laser
• Public demo announced for Nov. 22-27 near Tokyo
• LIVIC La Route Automatisée program
• French research labs INRIA, INRETS, LCPC and OEM
  partners
• focusing on sensor fusion in CARSENSE
• scenarios and deployment paths defined for rural,
  intercity, and commuter scenarios

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Automated DrivingPassenger Cars (2)

• Korea University KAV-5 relies on four cameras
  to follow road, vehicles
• University of Parma (Italy) ARGO vision-based
  autonomous vehicle
• successfully completed 2000 km tour of Italian
  roads
• Arizona conducted a planning study for
  automated lanes in median of Interstate 10
  (Phoenix-Tucson)

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Automated Driving Heavy Trucks

• CHAUFFEUR program in Europe demonstrated
  electronic tow-bar in 1999
• Lead truck closely followed by fully automated
  second truck
• Using vehicle-vehicle communication, image
  processing, active infrared, radar
• CHAUFFEUR II implementing multiple trucks in
  platoons and improved image processing
• Led by DaimlerChrysler with Renault VI, Iveco,
  Bosch, others as partners
• Study group of State DOTs is forming to consider
  adding automated truck lanes to Interstate 10,
  coast-to-coast

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Automated DrivingTransit Buses

• Bus Rapid Transit concept seeks to combine
  rail-like capacity with flexibility of buses
• Exclusive lane operation in urban areas sometimes
  requires narrow lanes and lateral guidance
• Guided bus systems being implemented in France,
  Netherlands, UK, USA
• Toyota Intelligent Multimodal Transit System
• fully automated, using platooning techniques
• Expect advanced electronically guided bus systems
  in operation by 2002
• People-movers free ranging systems open up new
  possibilities for parking shuttles, urban centers

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Automated DrivingDemo 2002

• California DOT taking a lead role to stimulate
  the implementation of automated vehicles -- key
  to congestion relief
• sees trucks / buses as precursor to cars
• Caltrans sponsoring Demo 2002
• Trucks in electronic towbar convoys
• Bus trains
• California PATH leading development

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Automated VehiclesMilitary / Industrial

• USDOD sponsoring 50 Demo III project
• autonomous unmanned scout vehicles
• off-road operation at 20 mph
• on-road operation at 40 mph
• using extensive sensor suite MMW radar, foliage
  penetrating radar, laser scanner, FLIR,
  monochrome and color vision, stereo vision
• Four vehicle undergoing rugged testing with the
  troops in October 2000

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Automated VehiclesMilitary / Industrial

• Port automation automated freight container
  movement (Rotterdam)
• Autonomous mining vehicles
• Australian Centre for Field Robotics
• strip mining
• underground mining

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Summary

• Theres a lot going on! . A diverse array of
  activity for all vehicle types
• Look for increasingly intelligent vehicles to
  move most rapidly into commercial vehicle markets
  -- business-centered systems where the
  intelligence enhances the bottom line
• Look for consumers to become increasingly
  comfortable with driver aids and demand more
  relief from the tedium of driving .and look for
  the technology to deliver.

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Resources / Events

• ITS World Congress Intelligent Vehicle Exhibition
• November 6-9, Turin, Italy
• Japans Demo 2000 (www.ahsra.or.jp)
• November 27 - December 1, Tsukuba City, Japan
• ITS America (www.itsa.org)
• www.IVsource.net -- Continued updates and
  reporting

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• Thank you.