Speaking To Persuade

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Speaking To PersuadeAppendix B Sample Speech

• HCOM 100
• Instructor Name

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PREVIEWSpeaking to Persuade

• Persuasion Defined
• Motivating Your Audience
• Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive
  Presentation Topic
• Organizing Your Persuasive Messages
• Strategies for Persuading Your Audience
• How to Adjust Ideas to People and People to Ideas

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Persuasion Defined

• Persuasion is the process of attempting to change
  or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values, or
  behavior.
• The persuasive speaker invites listener to make a
  choice, rather than just offering information
  about the options.
• The persuasive speaker asks the audience to
  respond thoughtfully to the information
  presented.
• The persuasive speaker intentionally tries to
  change or reinforce the listeners feelings,
  ideas, or behavior.

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Motivating Your Audience

• Motivating with dissonance
• Cognitive dissonance occurs when you are
  presented with information that is inconsistent
  with your current thinking or feelings.
• Motivating with needs
• Maslows Hierarchy
• Physiological
• Safety
• Social
• Self esteem
• Self-actualization

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Motivating Your Audience

• Motivating with Fear Appeals
• Threat to family members
• Credibility of speaker
• Perceived realness of the threat
• Motivating with Positive Appeals
• Promising that good things will happen if the
  speakers advice is followed.

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Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive Topic

• Who is the Audience?
• What is the Occasion?
• What are my interests and experiences?
• Brainstorming
• Scanning Web Directories and Web Pages
• Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas

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Identifying YourPersuasive Purpose

• General Purpose
• Persuade
• Specific Purpose
• Attitude (learned predisposition to respond
  favorably or unfavorably)
• Belief (sense of what is true or false)
• Values (enduring conception of right and wrong)

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Developing Your Central Idea as a Persuasive
Proposition

• A proposition is a statement with which the
  speaker wants their audience to agree.
• Proposition of Fact
• True/False
• Proposition of Value
• Judge worth or importance of something
• Proposition of Policy
• Advocates specific action, includes should

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Strategies forPersuading Your Audience

• Ethos Establishing Your Credibility
• An audiences perception of the speakers
  competence, trustworthiness, dynamism
• Charisma
• Initial, derived, terminal

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Strategies forPersuading Your Audience

• Logos Using Evidence and Reasoning
• Proof consists of both evidence and the
  conclusions you draw (reasoning)
• Inductive reasoning
• Arrives at a general conclusion from specific
  instances
• Reasoning by analogy
• Deductive reasoning
• Reasoning from a general statement to reach a
  specific conclusion
• Causal reasoning
• Relate two or more events in such a way as to
  conclude that one or more of the events caused
  the others

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Logical Fallacies

• Causal Fallacy
• Bandwagon Fallacy
• Either-Or Fallacy
• Hasty Generalization
• Personal Attack
• Red Herring
• Appeal to Misplaced Authority
• Non Sequitur

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Strategies forPersuading Your Audience

• Pathos Using Emotion
• Emotion-arousing verbal messages
• Concrete illustrations and descriptions
• Nonverbal messages

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Organizing YourPersuasive Messages

• Problem and Solution
• Cause and Effect
• Refutation
• An organizational strategy by which you identify
  objections to your proposition and refute them
  with arguments and evidence

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Organizing YourPersuasive Messages

• Monroes Motivated Sequence
• Attention
• Need
• Satisfaction
• Visualization (positive and negative)
• action

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How to Adapt Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas

• The Receptive Audience
• Identify with your audience
• Be overt in stating your speaking objective
• Use emotional appeal
• The Neutral Audience
• hook them with introduction
• Refer to universal beliefs and concerns
• Show how the topic affects them
• Be realistic

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How to Adjust Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas

• The Unreceptive Audience
• Dont immediately announce your persuasive
  purpose
• Advance your strongest arguments first
• Acknowledge opposing points of view
• Be realistic

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Appendix B Sample Speech

• Persuasive Example
• Prosecutorial Abuse

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Prosecutorial AbuseExample Persuasive Speech

• Intro
• Attention Getter
• Propositional Statement
• Preview of all main points
• Transition
• Body
• Need/Problem
• Point One
• Evidence
• Transition

• Point Two
• Evidence
• Transition
• Point Three
• Evidence
• Transition
• Conclusion
• Restate Proposition
• Call to action
• Review of main points
• Restate Attention-getter

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What questions do you have?

• Homework
• 1.) Reading?
• 2.) Turn in assignments?