The Crusader States

1
The Crusader States

• And the Military Orders

2
The Modern Middle East
3
ME in 6th Century
4
The Strategic Setting

• A Bi-Polar World
• Two Major Powers
• Sassanian Persia
• Byzantine Empire
• World War for Ten Years

5
Mean Rainfall Determines All
6
The Hydraulic Theory

• Too little water
• Unevenly delivered in space and time.
• Drought drives waves of immigration.
• Such a drought drove Islamic expansion.

7
Muhammad
8
Allah
9
The Shahada
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Early Expansion
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Early Stability

• Equilibrium quickly reached.
• Christian pilgrimages permitted
• Holy Land in the hands of Egyptian Fatimids in
  11th Century.

12
Seljuk Turks Ended That

• Battle of Manzikert in 1071
• Byzantine Defeat
• Catastrophe for Christendom
• Emperor appealed to pope for help in spite of
  schism.

13
Seljuq Turk Invasion
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Onset of the TurksManzikert 1071
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Seljuqs
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Emperor Alexis Comnenus
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Urban II Preaching the Crusade
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Clermont
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An Armed Pilgrimage
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Muhammads Trip to Paradise
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Crusader Routes
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Alexius Comnenus
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Anna Comnena
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Godfrey, Bohemund and Raymond
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Raymond of Toulouse
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Christ Leading the Crusaders
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Dorylaeum
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The Siege of Jerusalem1099
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Jerusalem Besieged1099
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Godfrey and his menat the Stone of Anointment
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May God Forgive Me
32
Duke Godfrey of BouillonAdvocate of the Holy
Sepulchre
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Royal Arms of Jerusalem
34
The Crusader States
35
The Holy Sepulchre
36
12th Century Knight
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Near East 1135
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Founder of HospitallersHugh de Payens
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Templars
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After the Fight
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An Aged Templar
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Teutonic Knight
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Teutonic Knight
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Kerak of Moab
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Belvoir Castle
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Shawbak Castle
49
Krac des Chevaliers
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The Moat at Krac des Chevaliers
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Kerak Castle
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Another View of Kerak
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Baldwins Leper Mask
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Baldwin the IV and William of Tyre
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The KingBaldwin IV
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Saladin
57
Sybilla, Queen of Jerusalem
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Guy De Lusignan
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Battle of Hattin
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Defeat at Hattin
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Defense of Jerusalem 1187
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The Military Orders
63
After Hattin1190
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The 3rd Crusade
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King Richard at Acre
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A Modern MuslimImage of Saladin
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King Richard
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The 13th Century
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Emperor Manuel Comnenus
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Crusade in Egypt
71
Defense of Acre 1292
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(No Transcript)
73
The Defense of Rhodesby the Hospitallers
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Bodrum, St. Peters Castle
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Muslim Distribution
76
ME Ethnicity
77
Knights in Prayer
78
In the Name of God