Barriers

1
Barriers

• You can pursue any of these starting points or
  devise your own.
• Avoid the visual cliché (overused image)
• Ensure that you can access Primary sources for
  your idea.

2
Dictionary Definition

• 1) A fence or other obstacle that bars advance or
  access
• 2) An obstacle or circumstance that keeps people
  or things apart, or prevents communication (class
  barriers a language barrier)
• 3) Anything that prevents progress or sucesss.

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Barriers

• You will be able to choose from one of the
  following themes-
• 1) Barriers in the City
• 2) Temporary Barriers
• 3) Emotional Barriers
• 4) Organic Barriers

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Barriers In The City

• A maze of passages or routes, courtyards and
  walled gardens. Fences around uniform rows of
  gardens and allotments. Doors, windows, walls,
  hedges used to identify property boundaries,
  creating irregular, vibrant patterns in our
  cities.

5
Barriers In The City

• Roads, alleys, cycle paths and railway lines
  intersect cities, highlighting a busy,
  fast-moving lifestyle.

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Barriers In The City

• Boards and steel barriers spring up and surround
  demolition sites, abandoned industrial land,
  rundown estates and wastelands waiting for
  regeneration. These barriers both ensure public
  safety and protect industrial interests.

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Barriers In The City

• As a starting point you may wish to collect
  photos and produce observational drawings of the
  following-
• Doors, windows, fences, buildings, walls, hedges,
  shed, school, church, gate, steel barriers

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Patterns in the city

• Maps/Journeys (London Underground)
• Mondrian 1872-1944
• The paintings consist predominately of horizontal
  and vertical black lines crossing each other,
  with coloured squares in between. The pictures
  re completely two dimensional without any depth
  or shading. The painters used only five colours
  black, white, yellow, blue and red.

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Mondrian
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Patterns in the City

• Aboriginal Art
• Traditional symbols are an essential part of much
  contemporary Aboriginal art. Aboriginal peoples
  have long artistic traditions within which they
  use conventional designs and symbols. These
  designs when applied to any surface, whether on
  the body of a person taking part in a ceremony or
  on a shield, have the power to transform the
  object to one with religious significance and
  power. Through the use of designs inherited from
  ancestors, artists continue their connections to
  country and the Dreaming.

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Patterns in the City

• For example, body decoration using ancestral
  designs is an important part of many ceremonies.
  In central Australia inherited designs are
  painted onto the face and body using ochres
  ground to a paste with water and applied in
  stripes or circles. The modern paintings of the
  Central and Western Desert incorporate many of
  these designs. Some of the symbols used are

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Doorways and Windows

• Patrick Caulfield explores colour using
  harmonious and contrasting colours, he uses
  simplified lines when illustrating interiors of
  rooms.

13
Buildings in the City
Architecture Frank Gerhy Creating the 3.D.
models for the Guggenheim museum in Bilbao,
Spain, Frank Gerhy drew his inspiration from
sculptors such as Constantin Brancusi, rather
than architects or builders. Gerhy expresses a
need to resist conventions and traditions and
instead explores pure freedom in materials and
form. His work combines sculptural forms and
architecture, to create new and unusual buildings
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• Land artists, Andy Goldsworthy and Richard Long
  use natural materials that decay and decompose in
  their work. Ephemeral and transient materials are
  used in their creations, liberating artists to
  observe the effects that decay, erosion and time
  exert on their work.

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Patterns in the City Hundertwasser 1928-2000
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Patterns in the CityGaudi 1852-1926

• Gaudí, throughout his life, was fascinated by
  nature. He studied nature's angles and curves and
  incorporated them into his designs. Instead of
  relying on geometric shapes, he mimicked the way
  trees and humans grow and stand upright. Gaudí
  loved for his work to be created by nature as he
  used concrete leaves and vine windows to create
  his ideas for him, so his work is not just
  because of him but because of nature as well.

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Gaudi
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Futurist Artists Delaunay/DeperoBuildings in the
City

• The Futurists glorified the energy and speed of
  modern life together with the dynamism and
  violence of the new technological society. In
  their manifestos, art, poetry, and theatrical
  events, they celebrated automobiles, airplanes,
  machine guns, and other phenomena that they
  associated with modernity they denounced
  moralism and feminism, as well as museums and
  libraries, which they considered static
  institutions of an obsolete culture...

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Futurism
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Temporary Barriers

• Tents, windshields, umbrellas. Fishing nets,
  bird or animal cages. Foil, clinf film,
  cardboard boxes and clear plastic containers.
• Colourful, patterned fabric, doors and openings
  closing out light. Hats, scarves, gloves and
  boots keeping out the cold.

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Temporary Barriers

• As a starting point you may wish to collect
  photos and produce observational drawings of the
  following-
• Crisp, sweet wrapper, cardboard boxes, patterned
  fabric, shoe box, hats, gloves, boots, scarves,
  knitwear, mask

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Temporary Barriers

• Pop art is a visual art movement that
  emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in
  parallel in the late 1950s in the United States
  Pop art, like pop music, aimed to employ images
  of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art,
  emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any
  given culture. It has also been defined by the
  artists use of mechanical means of reproduction
  or rendering techniques that down play the
  expressive hand of the artist. Pop art at times
  targeted a broad audience, and often claimed to
  do so.

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Pop Art
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Temporary Shelter

• You could look at the possibility of homelessness
  and temporary accommodation.
• You could research and illustrate places where
  homeless people habitat, for eg. bus shelter,
  archway, underground, shop entrance.

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Kathy Kollwitz
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Temporary ClothingFashion

• You could look at the possibility of differing
  styles of fashion during various eras.
• Possible artists you could research are Jean Paul
  Gaultier, Vera Wang, Stella MaCartney.

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Temporary ClothingClothing from other Cultures

• Another avenue you could explore is clothing worn
  in other countries and what various garments
  symbolise and represent in those cultures.
• For eg. Islamic and religious tradition, African
  garments, Chinese and Japanese clothing.

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Patterned Fabric

• Art Nouveau (French for 'new art') is an
  international style of art, architecture and
  design that peaked in popularity at the beginning
  of the 20th century (1880-1914) and is
  characterised by highly-stylised, flowing,
  curvilinear designs often incorporating floral
  and other plant-inspired motifs Art Nouveau is
  considered a 'total' style, meaning that it
  encompasses a hierarchy of scales in design
  architecture interior design decorative arts
  including jewelry, furniture, textiles, household
  silver and other utensils, and lighting and the
  range of visual arts.

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Art Nouveau
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Art Nouveau
31
Emotional barriers

• Disagreements and arguments can cause emotional
  barriers. Friends falling out and refusing to
  make contact. Families divided by decisions or
  actions taken by a family member.

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Emotional Barriers

• Objects, letters, photographs, papers. A birth
  certificate, a piece of jewellery, a puzzle, an
  item of childrens clothing or a medal, can
  symbolise unanswered questions about the past,
  acting as barriers to the future.

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Emotional Barriers

• Memories of an event or experience in early life
  can have a profound emotional impact living amid
  conflict, the reality of war, and the experience
  of asylum or migration to start a new life in a
  new country.

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Emotional Barriers

• As a starting point you may wish to collect
  photos and produce observational drawings of the
  following-
• Personal objects, photographs, postcards,
  letters, jewellery, cemetery, church, childrens
  clothing, medal, badges, graves

35
Family/Friends

• Portraits/Human Figure You may wish to explore
  how various artists look at the representation of
  the face and human body in an emotive way.

36
Lucien Freud

• Lucien Freud produced a series of portraits which
  consisted of mark-making, using hatching, cross
  hatching, diagonal lines, and dots.

37
Jenny Saville

• You may wish to explore how Jenny Saville
  disfigures the faces to show them in an
  unflattering way.

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Chuck Close

• Chuck Close produced a series of portraits in
  which he fragmented the face. The images are
  made up of minute multicoloured dots, so that the
  viewers attention fluctuates between surface
  pattern and overall picture, which can only be
  read from a distance.

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Picasso

• You may wish to explore the way in which Picasso
  distorts and fragments the face drawing the
  figure from multiple viewpoints.

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Edward Hopper

• Edward Hopper produced a series of stark urban
  and rural scenes that uses sharp lines and large
  shapes, played upon by unusual lighting to
  capture the lonely mood of his subjects. He
  derived his subject matter from the common
  features of American life gas stations, motels,
  the railroad, or an empty street and its
  inhabitants

41
Joseph Cornell

• Cornell's most characteristic art works were
  boxed assemblages created from found objects.
  These are simple boxes, usually glass-fronted, in
  which he arranged surprising collections of
  photographs or Victorian bric-à-brac. Many of his
  boxes, such as the famous Medici Slot Machine
  boxes, are interactive and are meant to be
  handled.

42
Conflicts of War

• You may wish to explore various artists who
  illustrated the devastation of war.
• Futurists artists - Paul Nash, Mark Gertler, Gino
  Serverini.
• Picassos Guernica Bombing of Guernica
• Kathy Kollwitz Poverty/Death of War

43
Picassos Guernica

• The painting is based on the events of April 27,
  1937, when the German airforce, in support of the
  Fascist forces led by Generalissimo Francisco
  Franco, carried out a bombing raid on the Basque
  village of Guernica in northern Spain. At that
  time such a massive bombing campaign was
  unprecedented. The hamlet was pounded with
  high-explosive and incendiary bombs for over
  three hours. The non-combattant townspeople
  including women and children were
  indiscriminately cut-down as they fled their
  crumbling buildings. The town of Guernica burned
  for three days leaving sixteen hundred civilians
  killed or wounded in its smoldering remains. The
  Fascist planners of the bombing campaign knew
  that Guernica had no strategic value as a
  military target, but it was a cultural and
  religious center for Basque identity. The
  devastation was intended to terrorize the
  population and break the spirit of the Basque
  resistance. In effect it was intended to "shock
  and awe" the Basques into submission. The bombing
  of Guernica was a sensation in the world press.
  The Times of London called it the arch-symbol of
  Fascist barbarity.

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Masks

• Venetian masks have a long history of protecting
  their wearer's identity. Made for centuries in
  Venice, these distinctive masks were formed from
  paper-mache and wildly decorated with fur,
  fabric, gems, or feathers. Eventually, Venetian
  masks re-emerged as the emblem of Carnevale
  (Venetian Carnival).Venetian masks have been
  worn in Venice, Italy, since antiquity.
  Additionally, the masks served an important
  social purpose of keeping every citizen on an
  equal playing field. Masked, a servant could be
  mistaken for a nobleman?or vice versa. State
  inquisitors and spies could question citizens
  without fear of their true identity being
  discovered (and citizens could answer without
  fear of retribution). The morale of the people
  was maintained through the use of masks?for with
  no faces, everyone had voices.

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Venetian Masks
46
African Masks

• Many African societies see masks as mediators
  between the living world and the supernatural
  world of the dead, ancestors and other entities.
  Masks became and still become the attribute of a
  dressed up dancer who gave it life and word at
  the time of ceremonies. In producing a mask, a
  sculptor's aim is to depict a person's
  psychological and moral characteristics, rather
  than provide a portrait

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African Masks

• He then paints the mask with pigments such as
  charcoal (to give a black colour), powders made
  from vegetable matter or trees (for ochre/earth
  tones) or mineral powders like clay (to give a
  white colour). African peoples often symbolize
  death by the colour white rather than black at
  the same time, many African cultures see white as
  the colour that links them to their ancestors,
  and it can therefore have a positive meaning.

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African Masks
49
Organic Barriers

• Skin and fur create a waterproof barrier for
  internal organs. Eggshells, bony shell, feathers
  and fur protect, camouflage and identify species
  of animals, birds and reptiles.
• Reefs, sand, wave cut platforms, sea cave. River
  tributaries, salt water, fresh water meeting salt
  water.

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Organic Barriers

• As a starting point you may wish to collect
  photos and produce observational drawings of the
  following-
• Poppy heads, egg shells, organic labels, bones,
  reefs, shells, sea cave, water, pea pod, fossils,
  feathers.

51
Karl Blossfeldt

• Karl Blossfeldt (1865 1932) was a German
  photographer, sculptor, teacher, and artist who
  worked in Berlin, Germany, at the turn of the
  century. He worked with a camera he designed
  himself. That camera allowed him to greatly
  magnify the objects he was capturing, to up to 30
  times their actual size. He spent much of his
  time devoted to the study of nature. In his
  career of more than 30 years, he photographed
  nothing but plants, or rather, sections of
  plants. In many of his photographs, he would zoom
  in so close to a plant that the plant no longer
  looked like a plant. The images he created looked
  more like lovely, abstract forms. His photos
  revealed the amazing detail found in nature.

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Elsa Peretti

• Elsa Peretti is a jewellery designer who has
  designed necklaces of apples, beans, shells.

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Sculptures of Organic Forms

• Barbara Hepworth

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Sculptures of Organic Forms

• Peter Randall-Page

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Sculptures of Organic forms

• Henry Moore

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Camouflage on animals

• You may wish to explore patterns found on
  animals, and insects.
• For eg. zebra patterns, patterns on butterfly
  wings, snakes, reptiles, turtles, fish.

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Jason Scarpace
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Barriers

• You have eight weeks to prepare for your timed
  test. The exam preparation work is worth 75 of
  the final exam mark.
• The timed test (Final Piece) is worth 25 of the
  final exam mark.

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Barriers

• Your sketchbook should take you and the examiner
  on a journey.
• Aim to produce a minimum of 16 pages in your
  sketchbook.
• Good Luck!