Biotechnology Unlocking the secrets of life

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BiotechnologyUnlocking the secrets of life
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What is Biotechnology?

• Definition
• The use of living organisms to make or improve a
  product
• Bio (life)
• technology (the application of knowledge for
  practical use

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Where did it begin?

• Ancient bread baking
• Wine brewing
• Cheese making
• Yogurt fermentation
• Animal and plant breeding

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Biotechnology Today

• Focuses on how to change microorganisms, plants
  and animals
• Scientist isolated and made changes to DNA in the
  early 1970s
• DNA carries the Blueprint
• Genes are units of DNA

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Techniques
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Genetic Engineering

• Manipulation of genes is called genetic
  engineering or recombinant DNA technology
• Removes gene(s) from one organism and either
• Transfers them to another
• Puts them back in the original with a different
  combination
• Transgenic

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Techniques

• Genetic Mapping
• Locating specific genes within heredity material
• Tissue Culture
• Modified cells can grow into whole plants
• Biofermentation
• Mass production of modified microorganisms
• Cloning
• Reproducing genetically identical animals

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Biotechnology in Agriculture(Plants)

• Crops
• Built in insect and herbicide resistance
• Built in tolerance to environmental conditions
• Improved color and quality
• Pharmaceuticals
• Plants that produce edible vaccines
• Food
• Improved taste and nutrition
• Improved handling qualities

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Biotechnology in Agriculture(Plants)

• Industrial
• plants that produce plastics, fuels, and other
  products
• plants for environmental cleanup
• Other
• pesticides made from naturally-occurring
  microorganisms and insects

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Biotechnology in Agriculture(Animals)

• Breeding
• Disease tolerance
• Exact copies of desired stock
• Increased yields
• Health
• Microorganisms introduced into feed for
  beneficial purposes
• Diagnostics for disease and pregnancy detection
• Animals engineered to to produce organs suitable
  for transplantation into humans

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Biotechnology in Agriculture(Animals)

• Food
• Increased milk production
• leaner meat in pork
• growth hormones in farm-raised fish that result
  in earlier market-ready fish
• Pharmaceuticals
• Animals engineered to produce human proteins for
  drugs, including insulin and vaccines

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Assignment

• Develop a timeline of events outlining advances
  in the field of biotechnology. You may use the
  World Wide Web in the Career Center to search for
  these events.
• Your timeline should have at lease five events.
• The search engine www.google.com is a good start.

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History of Biotechnology

• 1860s-Botanist Gregor Mendel recognizes heredity
  information is stored in units (now called genes)
• 1870s-chromosomes are discovered
• 1953-DNA Double Helix is discovered by James
  Watson and Francis Crick (England)

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History of Biotechnology

• 1968-a process was developed for identifying
  chromosomes (Switzerland)
• 1973-First successful combining of DNA from
  unrelated organisms (recombinant DNA) (USA)
• 1978-First test tube baby (Louise Brown) was born
  in England

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History of Biotechnology

• 1984-Sheep and goat embryo cells are fused
  together to create a sheep-goat
• 1986-Light-producing gene of firefly is
  transferred to tobacco creating tobacco plants
  with glowing leaves
• 1987-calf cloned from an embryo

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History of Biotechnology

• 1991-sheep created that makes drug in milk to
  treat cystic fibrosis
• 1994-first transgenic food approved (Flvr Savr)
  tomato
• 1996-goat injected with a human gene produces an
  anticancer drug
• 1997-Adult sheep cloned (Dolly)

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Industry

• In 1998 there were 1,300 biotechnology companies
  in the Unites States
• small start up companies
• one product or service
• large multinational corporations
• combine research and production

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Industry

• In 1997 the overall biotechnology sales increases
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• 13 billion dollar industry
• Over 93 billion dollars invested

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Careers

• In 1998 biotechnology included about 140,000 jobs
• Jobs for high school graduates to PhDs
• Provides over 17,000 jobs in North Carolina
• 850 million dollar payroll

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Career Examples

• Laboratory work
• working on gene maps
• growing plants from cells
• working with animal embryos
• Experimental Farms
• Field jobs
• Industry jobs
• manufacturing
• regulatory affairs (FDA, USDA)
• sales

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Education

• High School Courses
• Basic Biology
• Agriculture
• Biotechnology
• Post-secondary
• Biology
• Microbiology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

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Education

• North Carolina has an online biotechnology center
• Information on NC Biotechnology
• Educational Opportunities
• News
• Hot Topics
• www.ncbiotech.org/

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Assignment

• Research two different careers related to
  biotechnology
• Find information regarding
• Salary
• Education
• Job Description
• Job Demand
• Write a one paragraph summary for each career
• Keep the summaries in your notes