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Class 1

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Is thinking all or nothing? Is the only thinking that matters emotional? ... Water Jug Task ... Can there be arbitrary sized jugs and arbitrary amounts of water? ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Class 1


1
Return Exams talk about them. Hand out solution
sheet. Range of grades
Is thinking all or nothing? Is the only thinking
that matters emotional? If you cant think like
Einstein, then are you thinking? Given there are
heart, head and gut people, if you arent a heart
person, then are you thinking?
Brain Science What are neurons? How does the
brain work? Your brain is just a computer!
2
  • Where are we going?

What is problem Solving?
  • Heres what we will be doing
  • Cognition theory
  • Do people reason logically?
  • Solving Logic Problems
  • Solving New Problems

3
What Kinds of Problems Are There?
Simplistic Factual there is only one answer.
Indeterminate Different answers are possible,
and we can never know all of them.
Deterministic Only one answer, but the correct
formula / path / process must be used to find it.
Random Theres more than one correct answer, and
all those answers can be identified. (stochastic)
4
Strategies
Do Tower of Hanoi as an example. Get someone to
solve it.
Problem Spaces All possible configurations of a
problem. At any point in the pussle, were in a
particular problem state.
Heuristics A simple rule that can be applied to a
complex problem. Examples Brute Force
Search. Put the top donut on the destination
peg. Hill Climbing --Look for a step in the
problem that takes you closer to the solution
5
Strategies
Heuristics continued Working
Backwards Begin at the destination and work
backwards Fifteen pennies are placed on a table
in front of two layers. Each player is allowed
to remove at least 1 penny but not more than 5
pennies at his or her turn. The players
alternate turns, each removing from 1 to 5
pennies, until one player takes the last penny on
the table and thereby wins all 15 pennies. Is
there a method of play that will guarantee
victory? If so, what is it? (leave him with 6
and before that, leave him with 12.)
Means-Ends Analysis Compare the current state
with the goal state. If theres a difference,
solve that largest difference.
Problem Behavior Graph How people actually move
through a problem space.
6
Hobbit And Orcs
There are three hobbits and three Orcs on one
side of a river. They all want to cross the
river, but their boat can only hold 1 or 2
creatures. Orcs must NEVER outnumber Hobbits
because if they do, the Orcs will EAT the
Hobbits. How can everyone get across the river
safely? See pg. 442
HH
H
O
OO
Boat
Creatures on source side.
Creatures on destination side.
Boat on starting side.
7
Water Jug Task
Given a 5-gallon jug and an 8-gallon jug, how can
precisely 2 gallons be put in the 5-gallon
jug? Can there be arbitrary sized jugs and
arbitrary amounts of water? What is the complete
set of possible problems?
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