Leadership, Motivation, and Decision-Making In Sport Management

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Leadership, Motivation, and Decision-Making In
Sport Management

• Steir Chapter 5
• (27 February 2007)

2
Class Reminders

• Article Analysis 3 due Thursday
• Look for volunteer/paid experiences
• WebCT Quiz/Discussions for Chaps 4 5 due by
  Sunday evening at 1155 pm
• Todays topic Leadership in Sport

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Leadership in Sport

• Define leader?
• Identify characteristics and traits of a leader
• Who do you consider to be a leader? Why?
• Identify leadership traits of this person
• How can you develop into a leader?

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Leadership in Sport

• Leadership is the main factor in enhancing human
  performance and is the all-important key to
  unlocking the potential of individuals, both in
  business and in sport.
• Are people born as leaders? Or are leaders
  developed?
• People are not born leadersindividuals can be
  trained, can be educated, to become leaders
  (Imundo, 1991 as cited in Steir, chapter 5).

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Leadership Tactics (Steir, p. 105-106)

• (1) Project the image of a leader act the
  part
• to be perceived as a leader, one must act and
  look the part
• (2) Lead by being involved dont hide or avoid
• (3) Lead by example be dedicated - produce
• (4) Empower others help others reach potential
• (5) Be reasonable in expectations dont become
  the stress inducer or micromanager
• (6) Dont take short-cuts be complete w/tasks

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Leadership Quotes

• Leadership is the art of getting someone else to
  do something you want done Dwight Eisenhower
• The ultimate measure of a man is not where he
  stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but
  where he stands at times of challenge and
  controversy - Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Character is what you really are, while your
  reputation is merely what others think you are
  John Wooden
• Leaders aren't born they are made. And they are
  made just like anything else, through hard work.
• Vince Lombardi
• It is a terrible thing to look over your
  shoulder when you are trying to lead -- and find
  no one there Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Leaders in Sport Fitness

• Who do you consider to be a leader in the sport
  industry? Why?
• Coaches John Wooden, Pat Summit
• Teachers
• Advocates/Administrators Donna Lopiano
• Inventors-Innovators
• Commissioners Paul Tagliabue
• Pioneers Jackie Robinson
• Managers
• Parents
• Others?

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Leader vs. Manager

• Leader vs. Manager is there a difference?
• Managers are usually appointed but they still
  must earn the respect of team members in order
  to be perceived as leaders
• They will gain power once they are perceived as
  leaders
• All leaders must accomplish goals and objectives
  through managing and motivating human
  resources

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Types of Leadership Power (Steir, p. 104)

• Individuals with power/authority promote change
• How does an individual acquire power?
• Managers acquire power based on a position or
  title. Leaders acquire power based on their
  ability (power) to motivate others to do and
  achieve
• Reputation Power image perception, intimidation
• Knowledge Power - knowledge/skills/abilities
• Experience Power - wisdom gained through exper.
• Charismatic Power personality, social,
  enthusiasm
• Coercive Power - persuasive/convincing abilities
• Title or Office Power holding a title or
  position

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Desirable Leadership Qualities?

• What leadership qualities are most desirable?
• Influential (through actions and example)
• Persuasive
• Motivating
• Coordinating
• Delegating
• Directing
• Guiding
• Communicating
• Visionary - intuitive/anticipate future trends

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Leadership Essentials- Stephen R. Covey
(http//www.franklincovey.com)

• Path-finding create a blueprint of action and
  ensure that your plans have integrity - before
  you act
• Aligning change your systems, processes, and
  structure to align them with the desired results
  you identified through path-finding
• Empowering release the talent, energy, and
  contributions of people - True empowerment yields
  productive communication and innovative results
  between individuals and teams
• Modeling build trust with others - the heart
  of effective leadership - an individual of high
  abilities will never be a true leader if his or
  her character is questionable

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How Can You Develop Leadership Skills?

• What steps can you take?
• Get involved on campus
• Join professional associations
• Acquire experience (paid or volunteer)
• Attend/participate in leadership institutes
• If you see a need start an initiative lead
  the cause for positive community or social change

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NCAA Leadership Programs

• The NCAA is committed to developing leadership
  abilities in student-athletes.
• Leadership Institute for Ethnic Minority Females
• Leadership Institute for Ethnic Minority Males
• NCAA Leadership Conference
• Division I Regional Leadership Conference
• Fellows Leadership Development Program

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UNC Athletics Leadership Initiative

• OBJECTIVES
• Teach freshmen how to lead themselves
  effectively
• Ease the transition of freshmen
  student-athletes
• Create social connections between freshmen
• Provide freshmen with upper-class peer mentors
• Teach freshmen the importance of respecting
  leadership
• Develop upper-class student-athlete leaders to
  mentor the freshmen

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Leadership Academies - Camps

• Julie Foudy Sports Leadership Academy
• A curriculum that incorporates sports and
  leadership.
• Focus to teach students the ingredients it
  takes to be a leader on the field AND a leader in
  life.
• Students get the best of both worlds they learn
  soccer from some of the best women's players in
  the world
• AND
• they are exposed to a multitude of leadership
  concepts they can cultivate for life.

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Sports Leadership Institutes

• Adephi University (NY)
• SLI programs inspire leadership through sport,
  while addressing social issues, including life
  skills, sportsmanship and civility, positive life
  choices, violence prevention, and physical
  fitness.Delivered as classroom workshops,
  outreach and mentoring programs, and summer
  camps, these programs are designed for schools,
  youth leagues, communities, camps, coaches and
  student-athletes.

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Motivation

• Leaders can motivate others to achieve goals
• Define Motivation?
• the force that moves people to act, to perform
  their jobs, to produce
• May involve an external stimulus that influences,
  persuades, or directs behavior of human beings
• Successful leaders must be able to motivate
  others (staff, coworkers, players, students) to
  work towards and achieve program goals and
  objectives
• Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic
  motivation? examples of each

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Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

• Intrinsic motivation that comes from within the
  person or individual (self-motivation)
• Extrinsic motivation emanating from outside
  influences (boss, work, friend, )
• Positive vs. Negative forms of motivation?
• Positive reward or pleasurable circumstance
• Negative unpleasant consequence-punishment

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A Motivation Formula?

• Druckers Motivation Formula
• (M P times V)
• M Motivation
• P Perceived probability of task completion
• V Value (benefits) derived from task completion
• See Figure 5.1 (Steir, p. 111)

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Job Motivators

• What job elements or factors motivate you?
• Meaningful Responsibilities
• Decision-Making Authority
• Potential for Recognition and Praise
• Potential for Advancement
• Compensation for Superior Performance
• Challenging Work that Promotes Professional
  Growth
• Positive reinforcement from managers

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Motivational Strategies - Tactics

• Strategies you could use to motivate others?
• Praise others Make the praise public knowledge
• Office-wide memo, email, posted statement
• Offer perks, gift certificates, bonuses for
  superior performance/productivity
• Award unexpected time off, vacation, bonuses
• Honoring outstanding personnel and performance
• Integrate a recognition/award system
• Promotion Professional Advancement New
  Responsibilities

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Decision-Making

• Effective decision-makers Made or Born?
• Effective leaders learn how to make sound, timely
  decisions through lessons learned through
  accumulated experience (wisdom) and doing their
  homework
• Effective leaders grant a level of
  decision-making authority to others
• Typical purposes of Decision-Making
• Prevent a problem
• Solve a problem
• Avoid an emerging problematic situation

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Evaluating Decisions by Leaders in Sport

• Bill Webers handling of Jamar Smith
• David Sterns handling of Tim Hardaway
• NCAA committee on Chief Illiniwek
• 76ers GM Billie King and Allen Iverson

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Decision-Making

• Sport Managers must make decisions on a regular,
  daily basis significant insignificant
• Sport managers, supervisors, and leaders must
  possess the ability to make good and wise
  decisions relative to the sport organization
  itself, the programs and activities sponsored by
  the entity, and the personnel associated with the
  business
• Decisions are not always popular and may arouse
  public emotion and media attention
• Cutting a sport in your program

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Summary

• A successful sport manager must develop
  leadership and motivational skills, along with
  decision-making abilities to be successful
• These skills and abilities can be developed as
  the sport manager acquires experience, wisdom and
  knowledge in the Sport Fitness industry

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Article Analysis 3

• Leadership in Sport
• Due Today