Problems of Identifying and Measuring Intelligence

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Problems of Identifying and Measuring Intelligence

• IQ Tests as Measures of a Collection of Mental
  Abilities
• Binet-Simon, Stanford-Binet, Wechsler
• Validity as predictor of achievement?
• The Concept of General Intelligence and Attempts
  to Explain It

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Problems of Identifying and Measuring Intelligence

• IQ Tests as Measures of a Collection of Mental
  Abilities
• The Concept of General Intelligence and Attempts
  to Explain It
• Galton speed, accuracy Spearman g, s Cattell
  fluid/ crystallized

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Varieties of Intelligence

• Evidence from Brain Damage and Cases of Unusual
  Development
• An Ecological Perspective on Intelligence

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How People Reason and Solve Problems

• Inductive Reasoning Biases
• representativeness
• base-rate fallacy
• availability bias
• confirmation bias

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The Nature-Nurture Debate Concerning IQ

• IQ Differences Among Individuals Within a
  Cultural Group
• IQ Differences Between Cultural Groups

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Heritability

• Misconception How much of a
  persons intelligence is due to genes, how much
  to the environment??

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How much of the area of a rectangle is due to its
height how much to its width??
In each group, how much of the differences in
area is due to differences in height vs
width? Group A? Group B?
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Heritability

• How much of a persons intelligence is due to
  genes, how much to the environment??
• Within a group, how much of the differences in
  intelligence is caused by genes vs
  environment? Group A 2 identical twins
  Group B 2 adopted siblings

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Heritability

• h2 variance due to genes total
  variance
• variance due to genes var. due to genes
  var. due to environment
• increase genetic variance/ environmental
  variance. Result?
• environmentality?

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Heritability

• In groups studied h20.8
• Problem group was culturally homogenous
• Higher h2 than would be found in culturally
  diverse group
• High within group-heritability does not mean high
  between-group heritability

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• Same genetically diverse seed mix on Field 1 and
  2
• Each field is uniform
• Reason for differences in plant size within a
  field?
• Field 1 H20.8
• Average difference F1/ F2 3 inches
• Reason for differences in
• average plant size between
• fields?

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Evidence for environmental cause for Black/ White
IQ differences

• No correlation between IQ and degree of African
  ancestry
• matched environment tends to eliminate difference
  (eg children of servicemen in Germany
• IQ difference similar to Buraku/Majority
  difference in Japan difference gone when Buraku
  move to states

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Effect of environment on IQ
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Roles of Language in Thought

• Thinking in Different Languages
• Effects of Wording on Thinking Within a Language
  Double-Speak

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