Archery

1
Archery
2
History

• 1879 AD -  The First Tournament of the National
  Archery Association held in Chicago, USA
• 1900 AD - Archery in Olympic Games - also in
  1904, 1908 and 1920. Women were allowed to
  compete in the Archery event in 1904 and 1908.
• 1931 AD - FITA (International Archery Federation)
  is formed.
• 1972 AD - Archery reappears in the Munich Olympic
  Games for both Men and Women.
• 1988 AD - Olympic Games held in South Korea. The
  Teams Event was added into the Archery
  Competition
• 2008 AD - Developments in materials technology
  will see the production of lighter and stronger
  bows as well as lighter and stronger arrows.
  Arrow speed will increase giving better accuracy
  over the longer distances.

3
Equipment
Compound Bow
Recurve Bow
Cross Bow
Yellow-9, Red- 7, Blue-5, Black -3, White-1
4
Bows

• The bow and arrow is a weapon consisting of two
  parts the bow is made of a strip of flexible
  material, such as wood, with a cord linking the
  two ends of the strip to form a tension from
  which is propelled the arrow the arrow is a
  straight shaft with a sharp point on one end and
  usually with feathers attached to the other end.
• Longbow
•   The longbow was first accepted as a formal
  military weapon in 1252. The longbow has a very
  narrow limb and a thick core. The longbow is
  extremely stable and can be easily shot when
  canted or tilted. These bows can be made to shoot
  varying draw weights and are surprisingly fast
  shooters. Longbows are light in weight and
  generally hand made. They are shot without
  sights.
•    Longbows were not as elaborate as other
  weapons of the time, especially those commonly
  used by the wealthier members of society such as
  the nobles. Swords, axes, shields c. were built
  to last, and were often elaborately decorated. An
  archer, on the other hand, would generally work
  through several bows during his life, and at most
  may have painted his bow, or attached some carved
  nocks to keep the bowstring in place. Younger
  archers were usually more likely to decorate
  their bows than were the grizzled veterans, and
  occasionally a wealthier archer would have some
  extra armor, or maybe even a full set of armor,
  but his bow was never significantly fancier then
  the rest.
•    A longbow was usually full of knots and bends.
  A great deal of patience had to be put into
  tapering these imperfections to produce a usable
  bow. Every knot and knobble had to be either
  followed carefully to eliminate weak spots, or
  raised without causing any weakening of the
  bow. Although the longbow was a work of great
  artistry, it had none of the frills that you
  might see on a crossbow, with a complicated
  mechanism to fire the arrow, a fancy grip, and a
  fancy arrow-plate to prevent the arrow from
  wearing a groove.
•    Longbows were generally self-nocking, meaning
  that the nocks for the string were an integral
  part of the bow. Some of the fancier bows had
  horn or ivory nocks fastened to the end, but
  otherwise the nock was part of the wood of the
  bow. The bowstrings were generally made of good
  quality flax or linen, and were impregnated with
  beeswax to repel rain and dew. The bowman would
  watch his string carefully and if it showed signs
  of fraying, especially at the loops, he scrapped
  it before it broke. With a good yew bow, a broken
  string often meant a broken bow. Spare strings
  were always carefully broken in at practice - a
  new string never shot at first in the same way as
  the old one archers were required to carry two
  spare bowstrings
• Recurve Bow
•    Recurve bows are very similar to the longbow.
  The main difference is that the tips of the
  recurve bow are bent forward.
•    A recurve bow is a bow that, in contrast to
  the simple bow longbow has ends that curve away
  from the archer when the bow is held in shooting
  position. An unstrung recurve bow can have a
  confusing shape and many north American
  aboriginal (Indian) weapons were incorrectly
  strung and destroyed when attempts were made to
  fire them.
•     The recurve shape in effect can reduce
  loading at full draw (let-off) and will impart
  more energy to the arrow than a longbow The
  longbow of similar top draw weight. A recurve
  will permit a shorter bow than the simple bow for
  a given arrow energy and this form was preferred
  by archers who were forced into environments
  where long weapons could be cumbersome e.g. in
  brush and forest terrain, on horseback, etc
• Composite Bow
•    Around 2800 B.C., the Egyptians developed the
  "composite bow." Using this device, archers
  mounted on light chariots became a devestating
  military force. A composite bow is made of
  various materials (wood, horn, sinew) glued
  together so as to increase their natural strength
  and elasticity. The composite bow gives superior
  accuracy, velocity, and distance in comparison to
  the longbow. Using a modern bow, target archers
  of equal skill can score an average 30 to 40
  percent higher than they can with the longbow.
  The modern composite bow shoots farther than the
  longbow a maximum distance of more than 850
  yards has been obtained with it, compared to
  about 300 yards for the longbow. The efficiency
  (the percentage of energy in a fully drawn bow
  that is transferred to the arrow at the moment of
  loose) of the modern bow doubles that of the
  longbow, the velocity of the arrow with the new
  bow reaching 212 feet (65 m) per second as
  opposed to 150 feet per second.
• Compound Bow
•    One of the biggest advantages to the compound
  bow is that the shooter does not have to hold the
  "pull weight" when the bow is fully drawn. This
  is a result of eccentric cams. The benefit is
  that the hunter can hold the bow at full draw for
  a longer period of time. This gives the compound
  bow a mechanical advantage over other bows.
•    A modern compound bow or composite bow is a
  special type of bow made of laminated wood,
  plastic, and fibreglass. It is affected little by
  changes of temperature and humidity and gives
  superior accuracy, velocity, and distance in
  comparison to the classic longbow

5
Arrows

• Arrow weight has a great deal to do with the
  penetration qualities that are inherent in the
  broadhead. That does not mean that a heavier
  arrow will always have better penetration. An
  arrow needs to be "spined" to match a bow. Most
  compound bows can shoot a lighter arrow than
  other bows of the same draw weight and retain
  true flight.
• If you have ever watched an arrow as it is
  released from a compound bow, you can see that
  the arrow will warp or almost buckle as it is
  fired and then straighten itself out. So, the
  initial thrust on a relaxed compound bow is not
  the value of the full thrust to come. For this
  reason, the arrow released from a compound bow
  doesn't need to be as stiff as a standard bows
  arrow.
• The arrow is made up of five basic parts
• Arrowhead -- This is the part that hits the
  target and does the damage.
• Inserts/Outserts -- This is the part where the
  arrow and the arrowhead are fastened.
• Shaft -- This is the body of the arrow.
• Fletching -- These are the feathers which keep
  the arrow stable in the air.
• Nock -- This is the piece which holds the arrow
  to the bowstring.
• Arrow Nochs
•     The proper fit of a noch is that when it is
  seated on the string, the arrow will just hang
  from the string by its own weight, but is on firm
  enough so the arrow will not slide on the string.
  
•     There are four main materials used for the
  shaft portion of arrows. They are wood,
  fiberglass, aluminum and carbon or graphite.
• Wood Arrow Shafts
•     Wood is the original material used for making
  arrows. Wood shafts were used by the earliest
  hunters and they were also used as weapons.
  Finding quality wood arrows today can be
  difficult. If you want to use wood arrows, you
  will need to learn about weight, grain, spine and
  straightness. Wood arrows will very a great deal
  in these attributes from one arrow to another and
  from one set to another. Wood is however a very
  durable material to shoot from a bow. It will
  take some abuse from rocks and stumps before
  breaking or other damage. If you plan to use
  wood, do your homework.
• 28 Cedar Wood Shaft Archery Arrows from Satellite
  ArcheryTM- 72 Arrows
• Features include 3 Feathers Metal Points Price
  is for 72 arrows There is no actual image of this
  item. The image shown is representative only. The
  actual item will have a cedar wood shaft.
• Economy Wood Arrows (Pack of 12) from Cajun
  Archery, Inc.
• Mill run grade 5/16 shafts. 2 1/4 feathers and
  snap nocks, with lightweight crimp-on target
  point. Spined up to 30 lbs.
•     The wooden arrows used by archers for
  millennia have been replaced by ones made from
  aluminum-alloy or fibreglass tubing, and plastic
  fins have replaced feathers.
• Fiberglass Arrow Shafts

6
Shooting steps

• "Take your stance
•   feet in line with target (toes and shoulders
  facing a side wall)
•   legs shoulder width apart
•   knees soft
•  
• "Nock your arrows
•   bring arrow over the bow
•   arrow should be on the same side of the bow as
  your arm
•   make sure cock feather is facing away from bow
•  
• "Grip the string
•   very little of three fingers - no thumb or
  baby finger
•   one finger above arrow and two below
•  
• "Raise your bow
•   push bow away so arm is quite straight
•   keep shoulders facing side wall
•  
• "Draw to anchor

7
Vocabulary

• AMO Speed RatingThe Archery Manufacturer's
  Organization set this standard for evaluating
  arrow speed. To discover the AMO Speed a bow is
  set at 60 pounds, with a 30-inch draw and
  shooting arrows that weigh 540 grains. For
  today's compounds, speeds over 240fps are
  considered fast while anything under 220fps are
  relatively slow.
• Anchor You should draw the bow and hold the
  string in the same location every
  time--(anchoring) the bowstring. Many people who
  shoot with fingers use the corner of their mouth
  as an anchor point.
• Archer's Paradox Describes the movement of the
  arrow as it bends and flexes around a riser when
  released.
• Armguard Placed on the arm that holds the bow,
  an armguard protects your arm from being slapped
  by the bow string on release.
• Arrow LengthArrows are cut to a specified
  length. Measured from bottom of nock to the end
  of the arrow shaft.
• Arrow nock The notch at the end of the arrow
  designed to fit around the bowstring and hold the
  arrow in place on the string.
• Axle The axles are the shafts on which a
  compound bow's cams rotate.
• Axle-to-Axle Length The distance from one axle
  of a compound bow to the other. This is an
  important number because it tells you two things
  1) Generally if you want a finger bow, it should
  have an axle-to-axle length of at least 42 inches
  to avoid drastic finger-pinch. 2)A really short
  axle-to-axle length makes the bow more extreme
  and a little more difficult to shoot but may make
  it faster.
• Blunt An arrow tip that is not pointed. Usually
  used to hunt small game or to stump shoot.
• Bow Press A device used to hold the bow in a
  bent position so you can work on the bow or
  remove its string.
• Bow Square Used to measure brace height or to
  align nocking points.
• Brace HeightIs the length of a direct line from
  the back of the grip to the string of a bow.
  Generally, the lower the brace height, the faster
  the bow is. It is faster because the shorter
  brace height means that the power stroke is
  longer. But, because a shorter brace height
  provides a longer power stroke it can be much
  more difficult to shoot accurately.
• Broadhead Arrow tips meant for hunting big-game.
  They generally feature at least one-inch of
  cutting diameter and may be fixed blades or
  expandables (mechanicals).
• Brush ButtonFor recurves and longbows, these
  rubber round items are placed on a bowstring to
  prevent brush from catching between the bowstring
  and the bow.
• Cable GuardHolds the cables to the side to
  ensure arrow clearance.
• Cable Slide Fits on the cable guard and helps
  the cables move smoothly across the cable guard.
  New Teflon cable slides are said to add speed to
  your bow because they reduce the friction
  greatly. Pure Teflon is a clear or milky white
  color. If the slide is not white, it's not
  Teflon.
• Center ServingThe center portion of the
  bowstring is wrapped (or served) to protect the
  bowstring from damage, either from the release
  aid or from the string hitting the cable guard.
• Center Shot Is the point that places the arrow
  shaft directly in line with the string grooves on
  compound eccentrics or the center of the limb
  tips on recurves or longbows.
• Creep The arrow moving away from the wall or
  your anchor point as you aim or get ready to
  release.

8
Vocabulary continued

• Cresting The colored designs on the end of an
  arrow shaft. Cresting tools are available.
• Deflex Design where limbs or riser are angled
  toward the archer. Deflex designs are generally
  slower but easier to shoot accurately than reflex
  designs
• Draw LengthThe distance at full draw from the
  nocking point to the back of the grip. The AMO
  draw length is the distance from the nocking
  point to a point 1 3/4 inches past the back of
  the grip.
• How to Determine Draw LengthYour Draw Length is
  used to determine your Actual Peak Bow Weight for
  recurve bows, and to select the proper draw
  length setting for compound bows. To determine
  your Draw Length, use a lightweight recurve bow
  with an extra-long arrow and have someone mark
  the arrow at the back (far side) of the bow while
  you are in a comfortable full-draw position. Your
  Draw Length is the distance from the mark to the
  bottom of the nock groove.
• Draw Weight The amount of force in pounds
  required to draw the bow.
• How to determine Actual Peak Bow Weight for
  RecurveActual Bow Wight (maximum of "peak" bow
  weight) of a recurve or longbow is the force (in
  pounds) to pull your bow to your full Draw
  Length. See "Determining Draw Length" information
  above. Then measure the force required to pull
  your bow to your Draw Length ( most pro shops
  have a bow scale). The AMO-standard bow weight is
  usually marked on the lower limb or handle.
• How to determine Actual Peak Bow Weight for
  Compound BowTo shoot properly, the maximum draw
  length of a compound bow must be set to your Draw
  Length. A compound bow reaches its maximum or
  peak bow weight before reaching maximum draw
  length and then "lets off" in draw weight 50 to
  80. This reduced weight at full draw is called
  the "holding weight." The Actual Peak Bow weight
  of your compound bow can be determined on a bow
  scale at your archery pro shop.
• Eccentric The cam or part of the bow that is
  designed to control the stored energy of the bow.
• Efficiency The amount of kinetic energy of the
  arrow just as it leaves the bow divided by the
  potential energy that went into drawing it,
  multiplied by 100.
• Fletch The plastic vane or feather that is at
  the end of the arrow used to stabilize the arrows
  flight path.
• Grain The measure of weight usually used when
  weighing arrows or arrow tips. 7000 grains make a
  pound.
• Helical refers to the way fletching is laid on
  an arrow. Rather than straight, helical fletching
  curves slightly around the arrow shaft.
• IBO Speed Rating The International Bowhunter's
  Organization has a speed rating that is generally
  measured with a bow set at 70 pounds, 30-inch
  draw and shooting a 350-grain arrow. Today's
  fastest bows will shoot over 310fps using the IBO
  rating.
• Insert the adapter which is placed into a shaft
  to make a nock or arrow point fit the shaft.
  Outserts are the opposite, they fit around the
  shaft. Some people believe outserts make an arrow
  fly less true, but if all other factors are the
  same, outserts shouldn't effect an arrow's flight
  much.

9
Vocabulary continued

• Kisser Allows you to anchor consistently by
  placing the kisser on the bowstring and making
  sure it touches the same part of your lips each
  draw.
• Nocking loop Loop placed around nocking point.
  This protects your string from being damaged by
  the release aid but the downside is, it reduces
  speed slightly and some people find it difficult
  to quickly attach their relase aid to it when
  "the big bucks a' comin"
• Nocking PointLocation where arrow sits on the
  bowstring.
• Nocking Points Objects placed on the bowstring
  used to keep the arrow in place and keep the
  nocking point consistent.
• Peep Sight used as the rear sight of a gun is
  used. The peep sight is placed on or in the
  bowstring and the sight pins and target aare
  viewed through the peep. Sight pins should be
  centered in the peep. Small peeps help you gain
  accuracy but don't let a lot of light in. Hunters
  generally apt for larger diameter peeps.
• Quiver Holds arrows, the most popular for
  bowhunting is the bow-quiver which holds arrows
  on the bow. But some say that makes the bow too
  heavy and makes it harder to hold the bow steady
  in the wind. Other options are hip quivers and
  back-quivers.
• Recurve a bow design which features limbs that
  bend away from the archer at the tips.
• Reflex Riser Features a grip which is closer to
  the archer than the ends of the riser. This
  results in a short brace height and a longer
  power stroke. Thus creating a faster bow but
  generally more difficult to shoot than deflexed
  risers
• Shelf The part of the riser that is cut out and
  where the arrow rests.
• Power Stroke Refers to the motion of the
  bowstring after it is released. The longer it is,
  the faster the arrow leaving it. But the llonger
  the power stroke, the longer the archer must hold
  steady after releasing the string.
• Serving JigTool used to wrap center serving.
• Shoot-around RestRest which features the arrow
  shaft sitting on the rest and as it is released
  it bends around the rest.
• Shoot-through RestShooters using release aids
  use shoot-through rests. These feature two prongs
  holding the srrow shaft. when the arrow releases,
  the cock vane flys through the two prongs.
• Spine Refers to the strength of the arrow shat
  and its ability to resist bending and to recover
  after bending or experiencing archer's paradox.
• Stabilizer Placed on a bow for the purpose of
  reducing torque and shock after releasing the
  arrow. Also, it helps level out the bow and hold
  it steady prior to releasing.
• Tiller To measure the tiller is to measure the
  perpindicular distance from the bowstring to the
  points where the riser and limbs meet. The tiller
  is the difference in these two measurements.
• Torque is to turn the bow to one side when
  aiming or releasing the arrow.
• Valley When at full-draw, the area between a
  compound's wall and the point where the let-off
  ceases to exist.
• Wall Term used to describe the back of the
  drawing motion of a bow. A solid or hard wall is
  when the drawing motion comes to a sudden and
  precise end. If the back of the drawing motion is
  nondescript, it is called a soft or mushy wall. A
  solid wall is usually preferred because it makes
  it easier to anchor consistently. Now, some bow
  companies offer a draw-stop that helps make the
  wall more solid.

10
Worksheet

• Describe in detail what the four different types
  of Bows used in Archery are.
• Describe in detail what the seven shooting steps
  used in Archery are.
• What are the point values for the target.
• Define twenty-five of the fifty one vocabulary
  words.
• What are the five parts of an arrow?
• What are arrows made from?
• List the shooting steps.

11
Work cited

• http//www.centenaryarchers.gil.com.au/history.htm
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  ount1cmCatperfparentTypecategoryparentIdcat
  21424
• http//www.3riversarchery.com/Product.asp?c37s1
  75p0i7842X
• http//www.3riversarchery.com/Product.asp?c1s41
  p0i4033X
• http//schools.cbe.ab.ca/b628/Physical20Education
  /Archery20Steps20in20Shooting.htm
• http//tucsonarchery.com/Archery_Terms.php