Title: The Four Phases of Emergency Management in Higher Education
1The Four Phases of Emergency Management in
Higher Education
- Matthew Taylor
- Associate Director Montana Safe Schools Center
- School of Education University of Montana
- Dr. Gary Margolis
- Chief of Police University of Vermont and State
Agricultural College - November 18, 200 - St. Paul, MN
- U.S. Department of Educations 22nd Annual
National Meeting on - Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence
Prevention in Higher Education
Presentation supported in part by the Montana
Safe Schools Center at The University of Montana
(UM) and grant 2005CKWX0450 from the U.S.
Department of Justice COPS Office. Researchers at
UM are encouraged to disseminate their
conclusions, but no official endorsement by the
Montana University System Board of Regents, UM,
or by any federal sponsor should be inferred.
.
2Expanding the Lens of Prevention
- The perception of safety is a prerequisite for
college students to achieve to their full
potential -- and to foster an environment of
innovation, creativity and scholarly excellence
throughout the campus community. - Planning prevents injuries, saves lives,
minimizes property damage, decreases liability
and helps restore the learning environment. - The newly reauthorized (Aug 2008) federal Higher
Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-315)
(HEOA) requires campuses to institute an all
hazards approach to emergency planning. - Campuses are part of the nations critical
infrastructure for emergency response. - It is our ethical responsibility.
3Myths
- It can happen,but not here.
- It can happen here,but it wont affect me.
- If it happens, the consequences are so bad,
there is no point in preparing. - I am an educator or a student advisor, I dont
play a role in campus safety and security that
is for our campus police department to do. - I serve students who are legally adults, this is
not K-12, my students are responsible for
themselves. - Our campus is so large and diverse, there is no
way to ensure its security. - Greater security stifles the open nature of
campuses academic freedom.
4The Landscape
- Terrorist threat
- Fire and Life Safety
- Mental illness and suicide
- Health Crises
- Food poisoning, food-borne illness, Pandemic
- High risk drinking
- Illegal prescription drug use and abuse
- Violence
- VAW
- Criminal intrusions, including rampage shooters
- Natural disasters
5Critical Incident Defined
- An extraordinary event which places lives and
property in danger and requires the commitment
and coordination of numerous resources to bring
about a successful resolution
6Goals for the Institution
- Contain and resolve critical incident effectively
- Restore normal operations and core business and
educational functions
7Most Common Challenges in Emergencies
- Communications
- Whos in Charge
- Resources and Resource Coordination
- Intelligence gathering and problem assessment
- Crowd and traffic control
- Environment
- Planning and training
- Media
- Politics
8Why Develop Emergency Management Plans?
- Most importantly, mitigate risk and minimize harm
- Fulfill legal duty to exercise reasonable care to
prevent foreseeable harm
9Emergency Management Cycle
Assess and address vulnerabilities to decrease
the need for response.
Plan for a coordinated, effective response
develop skills in campus staff and students.
Restore the learning environment Monitor and
assist the healing, implement lessons learned.
Execute EmergencyOperation Plans in coordination
with response agencies.
10All-Hazard Approach to Planning
- Natural hazards
- Man-made hazards
- Technological hazards
11Emergency Management is a Team Effort
- Multi-disciplinary core team to direct emergency
management activities through all four phases of
the emergency management cycle with appropriate
agencies as lead in the Response Phase. - Local emergency management officials, campus
safety, and both local and state emergency
service representatives are key partners in
planning - Campus Chancellors and Presidents must publicly
prioritize and reinforce a commitment to
emergency management and planning. - You are not alone in this process.
12Comparative work in K-12
13National Incident Management System (NIMS)
- Homeland Security Presidential Directive5,
February 28, 2003 - NIMS provides a consistent nationwide template to
enable all government, private-sector, and
nongovernmental organizations to work together
during domestic incidents. - Applicable across a full spectrum of potential
incidents and hazard scenarios, regardless of
size or complexity.
14Incident Command System (ICS)
- Incident management system developed in the 70s
in wildland firefighting and incorporated into
NIMS - Command and Management, specifically the Incident
Command System, is an integral component of NIMS. - ICS characteristics
- Scalable, hierarchical structure
- One person in charge
- Limited span of control
- Unified Command
- Common terminology
15Incident Command System
Incident Commander
Liaison Officer
Public Information Officer
Safety Officer
Planning/Intelligence
Operations
Logistics
Finance Administration
Staff/Student Accountability
Documentation/Recorder
Staffing
Insurance Claims
Transportation
Facility and Materials
Food Services
Personnel
Site/facility Security
Communications equip
Health Services/First Aid
Psychological First Aid (PFA-S) Team Leader
16Emergency Planning Critical Incident Response
- Physical and procedural Threat and Risk
Assessment - MNS and Interoperable Communications (Timely,
Accurate, and Useful) - National Incident Management System (NIMS)
emergency response plans - Emergency Response Plans
- Mutual aid plans and agreements, including for
victim services - First Responder EMS/EMT training
17Concept of Operations, Defined
- Provides an All Hazards campus wide operational
plan - Provides effective and efficient incident
management, from pre-planning initial response
through recovery - Provides effective communications internal
external - System for incident management while providing
critical campus operations
18Campus Concept of Operations
- Executive Policy Group
- Emergency Operations Center (EOC) (staffed by the
Emergency Planning Group) - Command Post Operations
- Initial Response
19Campus Concept of Operations
- Initial response
- Scene isolation stabilization
- Command post operations
- Scene management resolution
20Concept of Operations, Defined
- Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
- Focus on impact of the incident on the operation
of the institution - Provide coordination and networking with scene(s)
- Major logistics, maintenance of routine
operations
21The EOC
- Operations Section
- Logistics Section
- Planning Section
- Intelligence Section
- Finance Section
22The Role of Auxiliary Services
23Campus Concept of Operations
- Executive Policy Group (provides overall
guidance) - Focus on impact to the institution
- Organize and direct policy decisions
- Insulate
- Inform and update VIPs
- Politics
- Message to the campus public
24Recommendations for colleges and universities in
each phase of the emergency management cycle
25PREVENTION and MITIGATION
- Campus safety, county emergency management and
first responders to identify local hazards and
assess vulnerabilities - Collect data on the safety perceptions of campus
faculty, staff and students - Target hardening and Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design - Collect, report and analyze incident report data
(Clery Act) - Review Student Conduct Code specific to threat
assessment and notification - train multi-disciplinary Crisis Response Teams
- Implement high profile prevention programs
substance abuse, suicide, sexual assault
anonymous reporting systems - Enhance efficiency of data sharing among agencies.
Its about the process, more than its about the
plan
26PREPAREDNESS
- Develop and deliver emergency exercises across
campus departments through a multi-year,
multi-agency exercise continuum. - Drills
- Exercises (table top, functional and full scale)
- Plan for continuity of operations including
thresholds for shutting down campus, resuming
classes online as feasible, student support
services, and campus personnel. - Create campus awareness of, and training on
- Communication channels from university, to
college, to departmental level (incl. satellite
campuses) - Response procedures
- Incident Command System
- Update Mutual Aid Agreements as necessary.
- Test emergency notification systems.
Plan for the consequences Not the crisis
27RESPONSE
- Provide immediate, coordinated notification
depending on nature of event. - Staff, faculty and students follow directives for
evacuation, shelter in place or lockdown. - Activate the Incident Command System and operate
in a multi-agency unified command structure as
necessary. - Maintain official communication with students,
staff, parents, local and state agencies, the
general public and satellite campuses. - Secure critical records offsite as feasible.
- Ensure faculty, staff, parents, community and
students do not alter the crime scene. - Delegate contingency planning and mobilize mental
health recovery assets.
Manage the crisis, dont let the crisis manage
you
28Recovery
- Strive to return to teaching and learning as
quickly as possible with recognition that
learning and teaching may need to look
different in the short term. - Implement Damage Assessment Teams.
- Maintain official communication with the public,
satellite campuses, media and students/faculty/sta
ff and legal counsel. - Conduct after action reviews with students,
staff and first responders. - Document lessons learned and implement
accountability plans to ensure lessons learned
are not lessons lost. - Support mental health recovery teams
- Begin planning for issues surrounding
- donations, memorials, anniversaries
Restore the learning environment, help the healing
29Next Steps
- STEP 1 Get organized
- STEP 2 Identify hazards and conduct a risk
assessment - STEP 3 Develop or update emergency management
plan - STEP 4 Adopt and implement the plan
G
30Conclusion what we should be doing
- Collaborating Within our institutions
- Cooperating With our local first responders
- Creating Innovation approaches to enhancing
campus safety - What is the next Big Thing?
31- "Safety and security don't just happen, they are
the result of collective consensus and public
investment. We owe our children, the most
vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free
of violence and fear." - Nelson Mandela,former president of South AfricaÂ
32Thank you
- Matthew Taylor
- Matt.taylor_at_mso.umt.edu
- www.montanasafeschools.org
- 406-243-5367
- Dr. Gary J. Margolis
- Gary.Margolis_at_uvm.edu