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Temperaments
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Compare Contrast
A1
B1
C1
A2
C2
B2
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Issues in Categorization

• Measurement Validity
• Reliability
• Level of Abstraction

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Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Rationals
Idealists
Black Bile
Yellow Bile
Melancholic
Choleric
Cautious Compliance
Dominance
Beaver
Lion
Artisans
Guardians
Blood
Phlegm
Sanguine
Phlegmatic
Influence
Steadiness
Otter
Golden Retriever
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MBTI Preferences

• Extravert (E) versus Introvert (I)
• Sensing (S) versus Intuition (N)
• Thinking (T) versus Feeling (F)
• Judging (J) versus Perceptive (P)

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Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Master Minds
Architects
Counselors
Healers
INTJ
INTP
INFJ
INFP
Rationals
Idealists
Rationals
Idealists
NT
NF
Inventors
Teachers
Champions
Field Marshals
ENTJ
ENTP
ENFJ
ENFP
Crafters
Composers
Protectors
Inspectors
ISTP
ISFP
ISFJ
ISTJ
Artisans
Guardians
Artisans
Guardians
SP
SJ
Promotors
Performers
Providers
Supervisors
ESTP
ESFP
ESFJ
ESTJ
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Type The Foundation
Behavior - The Exterior
Character - The Interior
Personality Type - The Foundation
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Type Development
E? or I? S? or N? T? or F? J? or P?
Delivery Room
ENTP
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Greek System of Four Humors
Sanguine
Choleric
Well-Balanced Person
Phlegmatic
Melancholic
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Evolution of MBTI Preferences
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
Katharine Briggs (1875-1968)
Katharine Briggs (1875-1968)
Isabel Briggs-Myers (1897-1980)
Isabel Briggs-Myers (1897-1980)
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Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis
Synthesis
Antithesis
Thesis
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Carl Jung
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Carl Jungs Theory
All individuals prefer a specific attitude toward
life - either Extraverted or Introverted
Object-oriented
Extravert
Introvert
Subject-oriented
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Carl Jungs Theory
All individuals prefer a specific way of taking
in information - the irrational function.
Sensor
Intuitive
Five Senses
Sixth Sense
Present-oriented
Future-oriented
Realistic
Idealistic
Observant
Miss a lot
Good with details
Good with patterns
Practical
Dreamers
Trees
Forest
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Carl Jungs Theory
All individuals prefer a specific way of
processing information - the rational function.
Thinker
Feeler
Logical
Relative values
Cause effect
Effect
Impersonal
Personal
Analytical
Value-oriented
Objective
Subjective
Justice
Affiliation
Fair
Harmony
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Katharine Isabels Addition
All individuals prefer a general orientation to
the Outer World.
Judger
Perceiver
Attuned to incoming information
Attuned to making decisions and closure
Procrasti-nation comes from perception with a
deficit of judgement.
Motto
Motto
Prejudice comes from judgement with a deficit
of perception.
Ready...
Ready...
Organized
Open
Purposeful
Curious
Fire!
Aim...
Decisive
Interested
Plan-ful
Spontaneous
Aim.
Aim...
Adaptable
Rigid
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Jungs Theory Continued
Childhood
Preference Predisposition
Adolescence
Dominance Specialization
Adulthood
Blindspot Generalization
Individuation
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In other words ...
Childhood and Adolescence
E S T J
I N F P
OR
As score increases
As score decreases
Adulthood and Individuation
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Preference Exercise
Take your pen and sign your name (as though you
were signing a check)
Now take your pen and move it to your other hand
and sign your name
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Preference Demonstration
Preferred feels
Non-Preferred feels

• Unnatural

• Natural

• Comfortable

• Uncomfortable

• Requires no effort

• Requires great effort

• Looks neat, legible

• Looks messy, illegible

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Just remember ...

• Extravert does not mean talkative
• Introvert does not mean shy or inhibited
• Feeling does not mean emotional
• Judging does not mean judgmental
• Perceiving does not mean perceptive

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How do I fit?
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Jungs Extraversion/Introversion Model
Normal
Neurotic
Neurotic
Psychotic
Psychotic
Extravert
Introvert
Hysteria
Schizophrenia
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What are the 16 Types?
ISTJ
ESTJ
INTJ
ENTJ
ISTP
ESTP
INTP
ENTP
ISFJ
ESFJ
INFJ
ENFJ
ISFP
ESFP
INFP
ENFP
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(E) Focus Attention (I)

• Attuned to external environment
• Prefer to communicate by talking
• Learn best through doing or discussing
• Breadth of interests
• Tend to speak first, reflect later
• Sociable and expressive
• Take initiative in work and relationships

• Drawn to their inner worlds
• Prefer to communicate by writing
• Learn best by reflection, mental practice
• Depth of interest
• Tend to reflect before acting or speaking
• Private and contained
• Focus readily

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(E) At Work (I)

• Like variety and action
• Often impatient with long, slow jobs
• Interested in the activities of their work and in
  how others do it
• Often act quickly, sometimes without thinking
• Develop ideas by discussion
• Like having people around
• Learn new tasks by talking and doing

• Like quiet for concentration
• Tend not to mind working on one project for a
  long time
• Are interested in the facts/ ideas behind their
  work
• Like to think a lot before they act, sometimes do
  not act
• Develop ideas by reflection
• Like working alone with no interruptions
• Learn new tasks by reading and reflecting

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How do the types stack up within the American
adult population?
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Type Differentiation
Extraverts (E) and Introverts (I)
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(S) Take in Information (N)

• Focus on what is real and actual
• Value practical applications
• Factual and concrete, notice details
• Observe and remember sequentially
• Present-oriented
• Want information step-by-step
• Trust experience, rarely inspired

• Focus on big picture, possibilities
• Value imaginative insight
• Abstract and theoretical
• See patterns and meaning in facts
• Future-oriented
• Jump around, leap in anywhere
• Trust inspiration over experience

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(S) At Work (N)

• Like using experience and standard ways to solve
  problems
• Enjoy applying what they have already learned
• May distrust and ignore their inspirations
• Seldom make errors of fact
• Like to do things with a practical bent
• Like to present the details of their work first
• Prefer continuation of what is, with fine tuning
• Usually proceed step-by-step

• Like solving new complex problems
• Enjoy learning a new skill more than actually
  using it
• Will follow their inspirations
• May ignore or overlook facts
• Like to do things with an innovative bent
• Like to present an overview of their work first
• Prefer change, sometimes radical, to continuation
  of what is
• Usually proceed in bursts of energy

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Type Differentiation
Sensors (S) and Intuitives (N)
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(T) Make Decisions (F)

• Sympathetic
• Assess impact on people
• Guided by personal values
• Tender-hearted
• Strive for harmony and individual validation
• Compassionate
• Accepting

• Analytical
• Logical Problem-Solvers
• Use cause-and-effect reasoning
• Tough-minded
• Strive for impersonal, objective truth
• Reasonable
• Fair

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(T) At Work (F)

• Use logical analysis to reach conclusions
• Want mutual respect among colleagues
• May hurt peoples feelings without knowing it
• Tend to decide impersonally, sometimes paying
  insufficient attention to peoples wishes
• Tend to be firm-minded and can give criticism
  when appropriate
• Look at the principles involved in the situation
• Feel rewarded when job is done well

• Use values to reach conclusions
• Want harmony and support among colleagues
• Enjoy pleasing people, even in unimportant things
• Often let decisions be influenced by their own
  and other peoples likes and dislikes
• Tend to be sympathetic and dislike, even avoid,
  telling people unpleasant things
• Look at the underlying values in the situation
• Feel rewarded when peoples needs are met

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Type Differentiation
Thinkers (T) and Feelers (F)
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Type Differentiation
Thinkers (T) and Feelers (F)
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Type Differentiation
Thinkers (T) and Feelers (F)
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Type Differentiation
Thinkers (T) and Feelers (F)
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MEN ARE FROM MARS,
Ts
Women Are from Venus
Fs
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F
If Mama aint happy,
aint nobody happy
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(J) Outer World Orientation (P)

• Scheduled
• Organized
• Systematic
• Methodical
• Plan
• Like closure - to have things decided
• Avoid last-minute stresses

• Spontaneous
• Open-ended
• Casual
• Flexible
• Adapt
• Like things loose and open to change
• Feel energized by last-minute pressures

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(J) At Work (P)

• Work best when they can plan their work and
  follow their plan
• Like to get things settled and finished
• May not notice new things that need to be done
• Tend to be satisfied once they reach a decision
  on a thing, situation or person
• Reach closure by deciding quickly
• Feel supported by structure and schedules
• Focus on completion of a project

• Enjoy flexibility in their work
• Like to leave things open for last-minute changes
• May postpone unpleasant tasks that need to be
  done
• Tend to be curious and welcome a new light on a
  thing, situation or person
• Postpone decisions while searching for options
• Adapt well to changing situations and feel
  restricted without variety
• Focus on the process of a project

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Type Differentiation
Judgers (J) and Perceivers (P)
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Functional CombinationsStrengths Blind Spots
Sensing Thinkers (STs)
Potential Strengths
Logical problem solvers
Careful and realistic with facts
Calm and steady in a crisis
Potential Blind Spots
Can be critical and tough
May resist new ideas
May not be sensitive or aware of feelings
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Functional CombinationsStrengths Blind Spots
Sensing Feelers (SFs)
Potential Strengths
Nurturing and supportive
Helpful in tangible and practical ways
Lots of common sense
Potential Blind Spots
May avoid conflict
Not assertive and direct
Easily hurt or offended
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Functional CombinationsStrengths Blind Spots
Intuitive Feelers (NFs)
Potential Strengths
Encourage open communication and understanding
Supportive of others growth and development
Potential Blind Spots
May be unrealistic
May take everything personal
Often vague and emotional
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Functional CombinationsStrengths Blind Spots
Intuitive Thinkers (NTs)
Potential Strengths
Encourage others intellectual development
Creative problem solvers
Interesting and stimulating
Potential Blind Spots
Demand high standards
Often perfectionists
Impatient with feelings
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Dominant Inferior Modes
Your Dominant Mode is where your greatest
strength lies - this is where you like to spend
your time.
Your Inferior Mode is the psychological function
which receives the least attention - the one you
are least likely to use when faced with a
decision.
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Dominant Inferior Modes
If you are an EJ or an IP,
then your Dominant Mode is T or
F These people are decision makers.
If you are an EP or an IJ,
then your Dominant Mode is S or
N These people are data gatherers.
Your Inferior Mode is the opposite of your
Dominant.
Example An ESTJs Dominant Mode is Thinking
and his or her Inferior Mode is Feeling.
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Dominant Inferior Functions
Type Dominant Inferior Whats Easy
For Whats Hard Function Function
These Types
ESTJ, ENTJ, ISTP, INTP
Matters of the head
Matters of the heart
Thinking
Feeling
ESFJ, ENFJ, ISFP, INFP
Matters of the heart
Matters of the head
Feeling
Thinking
ESTP, ESFP, ISTJ, ISFJ
Tangible things
Intangible things
Sensing
Intuition
ENTP, ENFP, INTJ, INFJ
Intangible things
Tangible things
Intuition
Sensing
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Thought Process of the Perfect Problem Solver

• S Use sensing nature to get the facts
• N Use intuitive nature to determine what the
  data mean gain relationships in the data
• T Use thinking skills to determine the
  consequences
• F Use feeling to determine the impact of the
  decision on people

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Kilmann Mitroff

• The NF type prefers ambiguity, creating, feeling,
  problems/opportunities
• The NT type prefers defining problems/opportunitie
  s, identifying basic objectives and policies,
  establishing criteria for success
• The ST prefers defining solutions and planning
  their implementation
• The SF type prefers to be practical but work on
  the basis of what he feels to be the right way to
  go

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Kilmann Mitroff

• All types are necessary for an effective balanced
  solution that is implemented
• The views of each type, being so essentially
  different, will lead to difficulties in
  communication between them
• Not only their way of working will be different,
  but also their long-term goals

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Group Dynamics Exercise

• Group 1 ISTJ INFJ ENFP
• 1. What appear to be the strengths of the team?
• 2. How long will it take them to become a team?
• 3. What might their weaknesses be?
• 4. What would you recommend that the next
  members type be to improve the effectiveness
  of the team?
• 5. What setting or task could use a team of this
  composition best?

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Group Dynamics Exercise
Group 2 ISTJ ISFP INTJ INFJ 1. What
appear to be the strengths of the team? 2. How
long will it take them to become a team? 3. What
might their weaknesses be? 4. What would you
recommend that the next members type be to
improve the effectiveness of the team? 5. What
setting or task could use a team of this
composition best?
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Impact on Group Dynamics of Opposites

• S needs N Why?
• N needs S Why?
• T needs F Why?
• F needs T Why?

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End of Section