Title: TECO 7300EV VFD
1TECO 7300EV VFD
2But First
3RTFM(Read The Frickin Manual)
- Manuals are always a problem.
- Some manuals are written by people who dont
really understand the device theyre documenting.
- Even worse are manuals written by someone who
understands the device so well he skips over
important basic information. - Finally many seem to be written by people not
fluent in the language of the manual.
4ROTFM(Re-Organize The Frickin Manual)
- Best way to approach these manuals
- Skim first to understand organization
- Dog ear the most important sections and diagrams
- Highlight key information like important settings
in charts or terminals on diagrams. - Cross out or redact non-applicable material.
- Go back and re-read in more depth the most
important sections - Look for repeated information that may be
presented differently. Hopefully this will help
clarify things that youre unsure of.
5RWTFM(Re-Write The Frickin Manual)
- Add notes to the manual to clarify any confusing
nomenclature. - (e.g. NPN / PNP vs. Sink / Source)
- Add references to sections that should have been
repeated. - Write directly in the manual since youll
probably be just as confused the next time you
pick up the manual.
6STFW(Search The Frickin Web)
- Finally, Dont forget to check for newer or more
detailed manuals on the manufacturers web site
or on any CD that came with the device. - Usually the printed manual is the worst version
available. Its not a bad idea to do a web search
on the VFD model number to look for other
versions of the manual. - Sometimes resellers will publish their own
version or a user will post a how-to guide.
7KISS (Too much flexibility can be confusing)
- One common issue with todays computer-controlled
devices is the multitude of options and
configuration settings. - A good example of this is the control inputs on
this TECO 7300EV VFD. - Instead of providing input connectors labeled
Start and Stop the provide a set of 4 inputs
that can be programmed to be Stop, Start,
E-Stop, Reverse, and so forth. - Obviously until you program the VFD youre not
likely to get your Stop control to do anything.
- Or worse, it may do something other than stop!
8Start simple and build out.
- Dont try to set all configuration options at
once. - Get the basics working first then add the
complexity needed for your machine. - Get the motor turning first with default settings
for acceleration and frequency. - Once the motor is turning you can tune motor
settings and set more arcane parameters. - Only after this should you add external controls.
- Since you often have ot modify additional
parameters to make the controls function
correctly doing this step last will help simplify
things and isolate any problems that may occur.
9Step 1 Safety Check
- Double check VFD and motor ratings and verify you
have appropriate gauge wire for the HP rating of
the motor. - Review and understand safety warnings.
10Step 2 - Line/Load wiring
- Line in
- Connects to terminals L1, L2, L3 for 3-phase
input. - Connects to terminals L1 and L2 for single phase.
- Note that the manual also refers to L1 as L (
Line) and L3 as N (Neutral) - Connect frame ground to PE terminal
- Motor Out
- Connect 3-phase motor on terminals T1, T2, and T3
- Connect frame ground to PE terminal
11Step 3 Power up VFD
- Check display for any error codes
- Unlikely if you follow the KISS approach
- If youre configuring a used VFD verify parameter
settings in Step 4 and retest. - Check motor rotation with no load
- Press Run button on VFD
- Ensure motor is turning.
- VFD display will be either an error code or the
frequency being output. - At this point direction can be reversed by
swapping two of the motor wires
12Step 4 - Setting basic Parameters
- Keypad entry sequence is easier than it looks in
the documentation!
DSP/FUN switches from Display Mode to Function
Setting Mode. Up/Down Arrows cycle through list
of functions (F001, F002, etc) DATA/ENT selects
the currently listed function and switches to
parameter entry mode. Up/Down Arrows cycle
through list of parameters available for the
current function DATA/ENT stores the
setting End is briefly displayed on success.
13Step 4 - Setting basic Parameters
- Inverter rated current
- Parameter F00
- Could more correctly be named Inverter Model
instead - Deceleration time
- Parameter F02
- Depending on your machine 2-10 seconds may be
reasonable - Remember that quick stops may require adding a
braking resistor! - Stopping method (Parameter F09) A related setting
that can be set to either decelerate or coast - Acceleration time
- Parameter F01
- Depending on your machine 2-5 seconds may be
reasonable
14Step 4 - Setting basic Parameters
- Upper frequency limit
- Parameter F07
- 120Hz is reasonable upper limit for modern 1800
RPM motors lt 1HP as 3600 RPM should be within
design limits. If in doubt check the motor specs. - Lower frequency limit
- Parameter F07
- 20Hz is as low as you should go. At low speeds
torque and motor cooling become issues.
15Step 5 Test Basic Parameters
- Press Run button on VFD
- Ensure motor is turning.
- Press Up/Down Arrows.
- Motor speed should change.
- Note that Freq. Set control isnt operation by
default! - VFD display will be either an error code or the
frequency being output.
16Step 6 Set Advanced Parameters
- When the VFD is set to run in Vector Mode
additional motor parameters need to be set. - Control mode (Parameter C14) Vector or V/Hz
- Motor Rated Current (Amps) (F43)
- Motor Rated Voltage (Volts) (F44)
- Motor Rated Frequency (Hz) (F45)
- Motor Rated Power (KW) (F46)
- Motor Rated Speed (RPM) (F47)
- Additional Vector Mode Settings to adjust for
optimum operations are - Torque boost gain (F48)
- Slip compensation gain (F49)
- Low Frequency Voltage Compensation (F50)
17Step 7 - Parameters for Controls
- F04 Run signal source
- 000 keypad
- 001 External Terminal
- F06 External control operation mode
- 000 Forward/ Stop-Reverse/Stop
- 001 Run/ Stop-Forward/Reverse
- 002 3-wireRun/ Stop
- NB 3-wire mode redefines inputs S1, S2 S3!
18Step 7 - Parameters for Controls
- F1115 Selectable Functions for input terminals (
S1-S4 AIN ) - 000 Forward run
- 001 Reverse run
- 002 Preset speed command 1
- 003 Preset speed command 2
- 004 Preset speed command 3
- 005 Jog frequency command
- 006 External Emergency stop(E.S.)
- 017 Analog frequency signal input( terminal AIN)
19Step 7 - Parameters for Controls
- F05 Frequency signal source
- 000 UP/Down Key on keypad
- 001 Potentiometer on keypad
- 002 AIN input signal from (TM2)
- F16 AIN signal select
- 000 010V(020mA)
- 001 420mA(210V)
20Step 8 - Control Wiring
21Step 8 - Control Wiring
22Step 8 - Control Wiring
23Step 8 - Control Wiring
24Step 8 - Control Wiring
25Step 8 - Control Wiring
26Step 8 - Control Wiring
27Step 8 - Control Wiring
28Step 8 - Control Wiring
29Step 8 - Control Wiring
30END
31Vector vs. V/Hz
- A standard VFD (lets call it a Scalar Drive)
puts out a PWM pattern designed to maintain a
constant V/Hz pattern to the motor under ideal
conditions. How the motor reacts to that PWM
pattern is very dependent upon the load
conditions. The Scalar drive knows nothing about
that, it only tells the motor what to do. If for
example it provides 43Hz to the motor, and the
motor spins at a speed equivalent to 40Hz, the
Scalar Drive doesn't know. You can't do true
torque control with a scalar drive because it has
no way of knowing what the motor output torque is
(beyond an educated guess). These problems
associated with the scalar VFDs inability to
alter it's output with changes in the load gets
worse as the speed reference goes down, so the
"rule of thumb" in determining the need for which
technology to use is that scalar drives work OK
at speed ranges between 51 (50Hz applications)
or 61 (60Hz applications). So if your
application will need accurate control below
10Hz, scalar may not work for you.
32Vector vs. V/Hz
- A Vector Drive uses feedback of various real
world information (more on that later) to further
modify the PWM pattern to maintain more precise
control of the desired operating parameter, be it
speed or torque. Using a more powerful and faster
microprocessor, it uses the feedback information
to calculate the exact vector of voltage and
frequency to attain the goal. In a true closed
loop fashion, it goes on to constantly update
that vector to maintain it. It tells the motor
what to do, then checks to see if it did it, then
changes its command to correct for any error.
Vector drives come in 2 types, Open Loop and
Closed Loop, based upon the way they get their
feedback information.
33Vector vs. V/Hz
- A true Closed Loop Vector Drive uses a shaft
encoder on the motor to give positive shaft
position indication back to the microprocessor
(mP). So when the mP says move x radians, the
encoder says "it only moved x-2 radians". The mP
then alters the PWM signature on the fly to make
up for the error. For torque control, the
feedback allows the mP to adjust the pattern so
that a constant level of torque can be maintained
regardless of speed, i.e. a winder application
where diameters are constantly changing. If the
shaft moves one way or the other too much, the
torque requirement is wrong and the error is
corrected. A true closed Loop Vector Drive can
also make an AC motor develop continuous full
torque at zero speed, something that previously
only DC drives were capable of. That makes them
suitable for crane and hoist applications where
the motor must produce full torque before the
brake is released or else the load begins
dropping and it can't be stopped. Closed Loop is
also so close to being a servo drive that some
people use them as such. The shaft encoder can be
used to provide precise travel feedback by
counting pulses. (Note See Addendum below for
additional information)
34Vector vs. V/Hz
- Open Loop is actually a misnomer because it is
actually a closed loop system, but the feedback
loop comes from within the VFD itself instead of
an external encoder. For this reason there is a
trend to refer to them as "Sensorless Vector"
drives. The mP creates a mathematical "model" of
the motor operating parameters and keeps it in
memory. As the motor operates, the mP monitors
the output current (mainly), compares it to the
model and determines from experience what the
different current effects mean in terms of the
motor performance. Then the mP executes the
necessary error corrections just as the closed
Loop Vector Drive does. The only drawback is that
as the motor gets slower, the ability of the mP
to detect the subtle changes in magnetics becomes
more difficult. At zero speed it is generally
accepted that an Open loop Vector Drive is not
reliable enough to use on cranes and hoists. For
most other applications though it is just
fine.This is all done at very high speeds, that
is why you did not see Vector Drives as available
earlier on. The cost of the high speed micro
processor technology has now come down to every
day availability.