POS 203: Introduction to Political Science 10122006'

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POS 203 Introduction to Political Science
10/12/2006.

• Course Status
• Midterm exam review guide distributed today,
  10/12.
• Paper Assignment One, returned via e-mail.
• Research Project Example
• Violence, Occupation, and Territorial Sovereignty
  - Example Research Project POS 203 Fall 2006.
• Class Agenda
• Lecture.
• Presentation.
• Video
• Empires Collapse France and Algeria.

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• Landman, Chap. 3.
• Choosing countries and problems of comparison.
• Too many variables and too few countries.
• Equivalence.
• Selection bias.
• Spuriousness.
• Ecological/individualist fallacies.
• Values bias.

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• United States, United Kingdom Democracy and
  Empire.
• Empires necessarily always authoritarian?
• Does internal form of government matter for
  definition of empire?
• Is empire distinct from nation-state or
  multi-ethnic/national federations?
• Core governing apparatus.
• Metropole/Nation-State.
• Networks of elites (aristocratic/warrior/ethnic/re
  ligious).

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• Landman, Chapter 5 Violent Dissent and Social
  Revolution.
• Research problem
• Why do people rebel?
• Which sectors of society are more likely to
  rebel?
• What factors contribute to successful social
  revolution.
• Examination for the universal factors that
  account for political rebellion and political
  violence.
• Comparing many countries.
• Current example
• Gurr, Ted Robert and Monty G. Marshall. 2005.
  Peace and conflict, 2005 - A Global Survey of
  Armed Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements,
  and Democracy. Center for International
  Development and Conflict Management.
• Most recent update to project examining 161
  countries from 1950 until 2004.

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• WMD 203 Nuclear Weapons.
• Nuclear Information Project. 2006. Status .

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• Nuclear Weapons.
• Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization
  (CTBTO).
• IAEA
• World Map of Nuclear Research Reactors.
• International Nuclear Safety Center (US. ANL.)
• World Map of Nuclear Reactors.
• National Resources Defense Council.
• Nuclear Weapons Information.
• Nuclear Information Project.
• Federation of American Scientists (FAS).
• Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century.
• Nuclear Blast Effects Calculator.

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• Surveil 203 US and UK - Patterns of
  Surveillance1.

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• Surveil 203 US and UK - Patterns of
  Surveillance2.

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• Surveil 203 US and UK - Patterns of Rebellion.

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• Landman, Chapter 5a.

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• Landman, Chapter 5b.

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• Landman, Chapter 5c.

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• Landman, Chapter 5d.

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• Landman, Chapter 5e.

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• Landman, Chapter 5f.

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• Landman, Chapter 5g.

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• Patterns of Repression. Davenport 2005a.

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• Patterns of Repression. Davenport 2005b.

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• Howe, Empire by Sea.
• Classic form of imperialism.
• At peak ruled over 80 of the globe.
• Development relied on power of European state
  form taxation and war machines.
• White settler colonies and successful resistance
  to empire.
• Imperialism, development/underdevelopment.
• British Empire (BBC), map of growth of UK empire.

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• Presidential and Parliamentary systems.
• Prime Minister (ex. Blair) versus President (ex.
  Bush).
• Blair popularity rating Bush popularity rating.
• Parliament.
• UK Parliament.
• House of Commons.
• House of Lords.
• Doctrine of cabinet responsibility.
• Votes of confidence.
• Early elections if PM loses majority on major
  legislation loses vote of confidence.
• Protracted stalemates are rare if firm majority.
• If no clear majority parliaments can be highly
  unstable, quick succession of governments/new
  majorities, or elections.

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• United Kingdom.
• Lobbying Organizations.
• Guardian UK.
• UK Think Tanks.
• Foreign Policy Center.
• Compare to PNAC Rebuilding Americas Defenses
  2000 report (p. 63 New Pearl Harbor ).
• National Statistics.
• Ethnic and Religious Profile of United Kingdom.
• The Independent.
• Article about UK National Statistics 2006 Report.
• UK MOD.
• Afghanistan Iraq.
• Conflict Studies Research Center.

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Thinking About France

• Websites
• BBC Country Profile.
• French Prime Minister Homepage.
• Key Questions
• Why did the establishment of stable democracy
  take so long?
• What was de Gaulles contribution?
• What is the impact of the bureaucratic elite?
• Why is economic reform so difficult?

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• France and Empire.
• French Empire at its height.
• French speaking nations.
• France Canadian Gov. Site re La
  Francophonie.
• L'Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie
• National Liberation and Empire.
• French Algeria.
• War in Algeria combined urban terrorism/counterter
  rorism with rural insurgency/counterinsurgency.
• War in countryside discussed by some as first
  helicopter war.
• DeGaulle to power in 1958, gradually moves to
  support independence for Algeria.
• Secular regime installed during independence.

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National Liberation and Empire France and Algeria

• Video clip FLN and French Counterinsurgency.
• Consequences
• France.
• Crisis strengthened De Gaulles power.
• War crimes/human rights abuses.
• Algeria.
• Elections in 1991 first multiparty elections.
• 1992 Military Coup to keep Islamic party from
  controlling country.
• Violent conflict on-going 1992-1998 75,000 dead,
  20,000 disappeared.
• Islamist insurgency and Algerian
  counterinsurgency, human rights abuses.

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• France Contemporary Issues.
• Current Popularity of Chirac (September 2005).
• BVA (French Poll Agency).
• Corsican Separatism.
• 2002 Elections.
• Electionworld.
• BBC. Main. Video Clip.
• CNN. Main.

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• Applying Landman to France Contemporary Issues1.
• Corsican Separatism.
• Corsica.
• BBC Coverage, Sept. Oct. 2005.
• Chirac condemns.
• Deployment of French Troops.
• Tourists Stranded.
• Distribute articles.
• Read 10 15 minutes.
• Assemble in two groups.
• Come up with a theory to describe reasons for
  Corsican separatism, and French government
  response.
• Discuss and compare groups theories.

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Thinking About France

• The Basics
• Cultural homogeneity and growing diversity
• Parisian domination
• Affluence and deprivation
• Cutting-edge technology

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The Evolution of the French State Centuries of
Turmoil

• Transformation and Division
• Centralization
• Revolution
• The role of the church (clericals and
  anti-clericals)
• Human rights
• Industrial revolution

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The Evolution of the French State Centuries of
Turmoil

• Traditional republican politics A vicious circle
• Ideological cleavages
• Coalition governments
• Social conservatism
• Limited legitimacy
• From the Fourth to the Fifth Republic

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French Political Culture From Alienation to
Consensus

• Taming political protest
• Events of May 1968
• Neo-Socialists and Neo-Gaullists
• Economic growth
• New divisions
• Race
• The EU

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Political Participation

• Renewing the party system
• The majority
• Gaullists
• UDF
• The left
• PS
• PCF
• The National Front
• Minor parties

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Political Participation

• Why these changes happened The French electoral
  system
• Proportional representation
• The two-ballot system
• Parity A victory for feminism?
• One of the last countries to grant women suffrage
• In 2002, only 12.2 percent of Assembly members
  were women
• Interest groups
• French unions are fragmented and weakening, with
  the exception of big business
• CGT, CFDT, Force ouvrière

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The French State

• A New constitution for a new state
• Stronger president
• Elected by an electoral college, members of both
  houses of parliament included
• Provisions that strengthened the governments
  hand in legislative-executive relations,
  weakening the lower house of parliament, the
  National Assembly
• Cabinet no longer had to submit a vote of
  investiture
• The Incompatibility Clause requiring members of
  parliament to give up their seats once appointed
  to the cabinet
• National Assembly not allowed to either raise the
  expenditures or lower the tax rates proposed in
  the governments budget
• Bloc vote
• Domain of regulation
• Reserved Domain

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The French State

• The integrated elite
• In France, not only are civil servants themselves
  powerful, but former bureaucrats dominate the
  political parties and big business and serve as
  the glue holding a remarkably integrated elite
  together.
• The ENA and other grandes écoles
• Pantouflage the practice of leaving the
  bureaucracy to take positions in big business or
  politics
• The French version of the Iron Triangle is far
  stronger than that of the U.S.

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The French State

• Local government
• Prefect
• Tutelle
• Extreme centralization until the Socialists won
  in 1981
• Decentralization cities and towns gained control
  over urban planning, departments the
  administration of welfare, regions responsibility
  for economic planning.

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The French State

• The Courts
• Strong judiciary headed by the Cour des comptes,
  the countrys chief financial investigator, and
  the Conseil détat, which has jurisdiction over
  the state and its actions.
• The 1958 constitution created the Constitutional
  Council to supervise elections and rule on the
  constitutionality of bills passed by the
  Assembly.
• The French courts powers are far more limited by
  the constitution and by tradition than those of
  the U.S. or Germany.

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The French State

• The changing role of the state
• Stronger civil society
• A less imperial President
• Cohabitation
• Modern politics
• Personalities
• Global forces

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Public policy The Pursuit of Grandeur

• Economic policy
• Les Trentes Glorieuses
• Decline
• From nationalization to privatization
• The politics of headscarves
• Foreign policy
• The Gaullist years
• After the OPEC oil embargo
• Iraq

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Feedback

• French media resembles the British, except
  tabloid press is much smaller, France has three
  high-quality news magazines, and, until the early
  1980s, the government routinely influenced the
  content and tone of the television news.
• Parisian-based dailies, each with a distinctive
  political slant
• Television news is based primarily on nationwide
  channels
• Pollsters are not allowed to publish their
  findings in the week before an election.

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• Next Class October 17th..
• Midterm exam review guide discussed.